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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
MONOGRAPHS
OF THE
United States Geological Survey
VOLUME L
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1906
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Dikkotok
THE CRETACEOUS FLORA
OF
SOUTHERN NEW YORE AND NEW ENGLAND
BY
ARTHUR HOLLICK
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1906
/ 0 ^^^
CONTENTS,
Page.
Introduction 13
Scope of this monograph 13
Localities where fossil plants have been found 14
Previous descriptions and studies of the region 14
Geological discussion 25
General characteristics of the pUint-bearing deposits 25
Correlation of the insular and allied formations 28
Descriptions of species 31
Pteridophjrta 31
Pilicales 31
Gleicheniacese 31
Cyatheaceas ; 31
Polypodiacese 32
Salviniales 33
Marsileacea 33
Spermatophyta 35
Gymnospermse 35
Cycadales 35
Cycadacea; 35
Coniferales 36
Gingkoaccce - 36
, Pinacere 37
Angiospermse 47
Monocotyledonpe 47
Pandanales 47
Typhacese 47
Graminales 48
Poacete 48
Cyperacere 48
Liliales - 48
Liliaceae 48
Dicotyledonae 49
Choripetalse ■ 49
Salicales 49
Salicacese ■ 49
Myricales 53
Myricacese 53
Juglandales 54
Juglandaceae 54
Fagales 56
Fagacete 56
5.
Q CONTENTS.
Descriptions of species — Continued.
Spermatopliyta — Continued.
Angiospermie — Continued.
Dicotyledont'e — Continued.
Choripetalfe— Continued. Page.
Urticales S"
Ulmacese 57
Moraceje 5~
Proteales .- 59
Proteaceee 59
Eanales 61
Nymphfeace<e 61
Menispermacese 61
Magnoliacete 63
Anonaceje ^^3
Lauracese 74
Eosales 82
Platanacese 82
Eosacese (Pomacese) 83
LeguminosK ( Cffisalpiniacece) 83
Leguminosfe (Papilionaceffi) 84
Leguminosse of uncertain relation -- 86
Sapindales 87
Anacardiacese 87
IlicaceK 87
Cclastracefe 88
Aceracese 89
Sapindaceae 90
Ehamnales 91
Ehamnacese 91
VitaceEe 94
Malvales 94
Sterculiacese 94
Myrtales ■ 95
jMyrtacese 95
Umbellaies 97
Araliacea? 97
Gamopetalie 100
Ericales 100
Ericacefe 100
Primulales 102
Myrsinacete 102
Ebenaies - 103
Ebanacefe 103
Gentianales 105
Asclepiadaceffi 105
Rubiales - 105
Caprifoliacefe 105
Dicotyledonous leaves of uncertain relation 106
Flowers, fruit, and rootlets of uncertain relation 107
Botanical discussion H-^
Botanical relationships of the flora 113
Stratigraphical and areal distribution of the flora 116
Plates 131
Index . -• 213
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plate I. — Figs. 1-7. Onoclea inquirenda (HoUick) n. comb 132
Fig. 8. Gleichenia protogiea Deb. axid Etts. ? 132
Fig. 9. Gleichenia gracilis Heer? 132
Figs. 10-13. Thyrsopteris grevillioides (Heer) n. comb ^ 132
Figs. 14-18. Marsilea Andersoni Hollick 132
Figs. 19-21. Marsilea Holtingitma Schafl. (iatroduced for comparison) 132
Fig. 22. Sagenopteris variabilis (Vel.) Vel.? 132
II. — Fig. 1. Podozamites lanceolatus (Lindl. and Hutt.) Schimp 134
Figs. 2-11 in part, 12-26 in part, 27a. Dammara borealis Heer 134
Fig. 11 in part. Poacites sp 134
Figs. 26 in part, 27b, 28. Juniperus hypnoides Heer 134
Figs. 29-32. Dammara cliffwoodensis Hollick (introduced for comparison) 134
Figs. 33, 34. Dammara northportensis Hollick , 134
Figs. 35-37. Dammara minor n. sp 134
Fig. 38. Cone scale of a conifer ? _ 134
Figs. 39, 47, 48. Pinus sp 134
Fig. 40. Sequoia Reiohenbachi (Gein.) Heer. . .' 134
Fig. 41. Cone of Sequoia concinna Heer 134
Fig. 42. Cone of Sequoia sp '. 134
Fig. 43. Strobilites perplexus n. sp 134
Figs. 44-46. Baiera grandis Heer ? 134
III. — Fig. 1. Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) Endl 136
Figs. 2, 3. Sequoia heterophylla Vel 136
Figs. 4, 5. Sequoia Reicbenbachi (Gein.) Heer 136
Fig. 6. Sequoia' sp 136
Figs. 7, 8. Sequoia ambigua Heer 136
Figs. 9, 10. Brachyphyllum macrocarpum Newb 136
Fig. 11. Cyparissidium gracile (Heer) Heer? 136
Figs. 12-13a. Juniperus hjrpnoides Heer 136
Fig. 14. Sequoia gracilis Heer?. 136
Fig. 15. Sequoia fastigiata (Sternb.) Heer? 136
Figs. 16, 17. Moriconia cyclotoxon Deb. and Etts 136
IV. — Fig. 1. Widdrrngtonites fasciculatus n. sp 138
Figs. 2-5. Widdringtonites subtilis Heer 138
Figs. 6-8. Widdringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer 138
Figs. 9, 10. Frenelopsis Hojieneggeri (Etts.) Schenk ? 138
V. — Figs. 1--6. Protophyllocladus subintegrifolius (Lesq.) Berry 140
Fig. 7. Czekanowskia dichotoma (Heer) Heer? 140
Figs. 8-12. Trical3fcites papyraceus Newb . . 140
Figs. 13-22. Tricalycites major Hollick 140
7
8 ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page.
Plate V. — Fig. 23. Calycites obovatus n. sp 140
Fig. 24. Calycites alatus HoUick 140
Figs. 25, 26. Williamsonia Riesii Hollick 140
Figs. 27-32. Williamsonia problematica (Newb.) Ward 140
VI. — Figs. 1-3. Podozamites sp 142
Figs. 4-6. Typha sp 142
Figs. 7, 8. Cyperacites sp 142
Figs. 9-1 1 . Poacites sp 142
Fig. 12. Majanthemophyllum pusillum Heer 142
Fig. 13. Rhizomorphs 142
Vn. — Fig. 1. Tricarpellites striatus Newb 144
Fig. 2. Carpolithus euonymoides n. sp 144
Figs. 3-8. Carpolithus hirsutus Newb 144
Figs. 9-15. Carpolithus sp 144
Figs. 16-18. Aments of Populus sp 144
Figs. 19, 19a. Carpolithus vaccinioides n. sp 144
Figs. 20, 21. Carpolithus floribundus Newb 144
Fig. 22. Ament of Myrica sp 144
Fig. 23. Jlyriea Zenkeri (Etts.) Vel.? 144
Fig. 24. Myrica Hollicki Ward 144
Fig. 25. Myrica Davisii Hollick 144
Figs. 26, 27. Salix cuneata Newb - - - 144
Figs. 28, 29. Populus? apiculata Newb 144
Fig. 30. Populus stygia Heer? - 144
Fig. 31. Populus harkeriana Lesq 144
Vin. — Figs, la, 2-4. SalLx prote^folia lanceolata Lesq 146
Fig. lb. Myrsine elongata Newb 146
Figs. Ic, 8, 9. Salix Meekii Newb 146
Figs. 5, 6a. Salix protesefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq 146
Fig. 6b. Eucalyptus? nervosa Newb. . .' 146
Fig. 7. Salix cuneata Newb - 146
Figs. 10, 23. Salix membranacea Newb 146
Fig. 11. Salix purpuroides HoUick 146
Fig. 12. Salix protesefoha linearifolia Lesq. ? 146
Fig. 13. S^lixsp -- 146
Fig. 14. Quercus morrisoniana Lesq 146
Figs. 15, 16. Quercus ( ?) novse-caesareae Hollick . . ^ 146
Fig. 17. Quercus sp - - 146
Figs. 18, 19. Dryandroides quercinea Vel 146
Figs. 20, 21. Banksites Saportanus Vel - 146
Fig. 22. Planera betuloides n. sp 146
Fig. 24. Dewalquea insignis Hbs. and v. d. Marck? 146
Fig. 25. Dewalquea gronlandica Heer? - 146
rx.— Figs. 1, 2. Ficus Willisiana Hollick 148
Figs. 3-5. Juglans crassipes Heer 148
Figs. 6-8. Juglans arctica Heer 148
Fig. 9. Ficus Krausiana Heer 148
X. — Figs. 1-3. Ficus Krausiana Heer 150
Figs. 4—6. Ficus atavina Heer 150
XI. — Figs. 1, 2. Ficus sapindifolia Hollick 152
Figs. 3, 4. Juglans elongata n. sp 152
Figs. 5, 6. Ficus Woolsoni Newb.? 152
Fig. 7. Ficus fracta Vel 152
Figs. 8, 9. Ficus myricoides Hollick 152
ILLUSTRATIONS. 9
Page.
Plate XII. — Figs. 1-5. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer 154
Fig. 6, Menispermites Brysoniana Hollick 154
Fig. 7. Menispermites sp 154
Fig. 8. Menispermites acutilobus Lesq. ? .' 154
Fig. 9. Cocculus minutus Hollick 154
Figs. 10-12. Cocculus cinnamomeus Vel 154
Fig. 13. Cocculites inquirendus n. sp 154
Fig. 14. Cocculites imperfectus n. sp 154
XIII.— Figs. 1-4. Nelumbo Kempii (Hollick) Hollick .-. 156
XIV.— Figs. 1, 2. Nelumbo Kempii (Hollick) Hollick 158
XV.— Nelumbo Kempii (Hollick) Hollick 160
XVI.— Figs. 1-6. Nelumbo Kempii (Hollick) Hollick 162
Fig. 7. Nelumbium arcticum Heer (introduced for coinparison) 162
XVII. — Fig. 1. Magnolia tenuifolia Lesq 164
Fig. 2. Magnolia Lacoeana Lesq - 164
Figs. 3, 4. Magnolia Capellinii Heer . 164
XVIII. — Fig. 1. Magnolia amplifolia Heer ; 166
Figs. 2, 3. Magnolia pseudoacuminata Lesq 166
Figs. 4, 5. Magnolia tenuifolia Lesq - 166
XIX. — Figs. 1-4. Magnolia speciosa Heer - - 168
Fig. 5. Magnolia auriciilata Newb - 168
Fig. 6. Magnolia glaucoides Newb.? 168
• XX.— Fig. 1. Magnolia Van Ingeni Hollick - 170
Figs. 2, 3. Magnolia longifolia Newb 170
Fig. 4. Magnolia Isbergiana Heer — 170
Figs. 5, S. Magnolia auriculata Newb 170
Fig. 6. Magnolia glaucoides Newb.? - 170
Fig. 7. Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick 170
XXI. — Figs. 1-4. Guatteria cretacea n. sp 172
Figs. 5, 6. Magnolia longipes Newb.? 172
Fig. 7. Liriodendron prinisevum Newb - 172
Fig. 8. Liriodendron oblongifolium Newb.? 172
Figs. 9-11. Liriodendron attenuatum n. sp 172
XXII. — Figs. 1-6. Liriodendropsis spectabilis n. sp 174
Fig. 7. Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.) 174
XXIII. — I^igs. 1-7. Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb 176
XXrV. — Figs. 1-9. Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb 178
XXV. — Figs. 1 , 4, 5, 7, 10-12. Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb .' ISO
Figs. 2, 3. Bignonia pulcherrima Bayer (introduced for corapai-ison) 180
Fig. 6. MA'rsinophyllum varians Vel. (introduced for comparison) '- 180
Figs. 8, 9. Liriodendropsis retusa (Heer) n. comb 180
XXVI. — Figs, la, 2-5. Liriodendropsis angustifolia Newb 182
Figs, lb, Ic, Id. Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb 182
Figs. 6-15. Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.) 182
XXVII. — Figs. 1-5. Laurophyllum elegans n. sp 184
Figs. 6, 7. Laurophyllum nervillosum n. sp . . . ; 184
Fig. 8. Ocotea nassauensis n. sp 184
Figs. 9, 10 Laums plutonia Heer 184
Figs. 11, 12. Laums angusta Heer 184
Figs. 13, 14. Nectandra imperfecta n. .sp 184
XXVIII.— Figs. 1, 2. Lauras plutonia Heer - - - 186
Figs. 3-8. Lauras nebrascensis (Lesq.) Lesq 186
Figs. 9, 1 0. Lauras antecedens Losq 186
Fig. 11. Laums Hollae Heer? - 186 ,
10 ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page.
Plate XXIX. — Figs. 1-.3. Sassafras angustilobum n. sp 188
Fig. 4. Sassafras hastatum Newb.? 188
Figs. 5, 6. Cinnamomum membranaceura (Lesq.) n. comb 188
Fig. 7. Cinnamomum intermedium Nowb 188
Figs. 8, 9. Persea valida n. sp 188
XXX. — Figs. 1,2. Cinnamomum intermedium Newb - — 190
Figs. 3, 4. Cinnamomum crassipetiolatura n. sp 190
Figs. .5, 6. Cinnamomum Heerii Lesq.? - - - - 190
Fig. 7. Cinnamomum sp 190
Figs. 8, 9. Sassafras acutilobum Lesq - 190
Fig. 10. Sassafras cretaceum Newb.? - 190
Fig. 11. Sassafras progenitor Newb - - 190
Fig. 12. Sassafras hastatum Newb.? - 190
XXXL — Fig. 1. Persea Leconteana (Lesq.) Lesq - 192
Fig. 2. Launis Newberryana Hollick - - - - 192
Fig. 3. Lauras teliformis Lesq 192
Fig. 4. Malapoenna sp - 192
Fig. 5. Platanus sp 192
Fig. 6. Platanus aquehongensis llolUck 192
XXXIL— Fig. 1. Amelancliier Whitei n. sp - - - 194
Figs. 2, 3. Pliaseolites nianhassettensis Hollick - 194
Fig. 4. Phaseolites elegans n. sp.. 194
Figs. 5-7. Hymenaea dakotana Lesq . — 194
Figs. 8, f). Hymenaea primigenia Sap 194
Fig. 10. Dalbergia liyperborea Heer? 194
Fig. 1 1 . Dalbergia irregularis n. sp — 194
Fig. 12. Dalbergia minor n. sp ; 194
Fig. 13. Cassia sp 194
Figs. 14, 1.5. Oolutea primordialis Heer 194
Figa. 16, 17. Leguminosites coronilloides Heer i. 194
Figs. IS, 10. Leguminosites convolutus Lesq.? '. ; 194
Fig. 20. Leguminosites constrictusLesq.? ■ 194
XXXin.— Fig. 1. PhyUites poinsettioides Hollick 196
Fig. 2. Rhus cretacea Heer ? 196
Fig. 3. Pistacia aquehongensis Hollick 196
Fig. 4. Ilex papillosa Lesq — 196
Fig. 5. Gyminda primordialis n. sp 196
Fig. 6. EliEodendron strictum n. sp 196
Fig. 7. ElsEodendron sp 196
Fig. 8. Celastropliyllum grandifolium Newb.? 196
Fig.s. 9-11. Celastrus arctica Heer 196
Figs. 12, 13. Fruit of Acer sp 196
Fig. 14. Acer minutum Hollick 196
Fig. 15. Sapindus impcrfectus Hollick 196
Figs. 16-20. Sapindus morrisoni Lesq 196
Fig. 21. Sapindus apiculatus Vel 196
XXXIV.— Fig. 1. Rhamnus (?) acuta PIcer 198
Figs. 2-5. Paliurus integrifolius Hollick 198
Figs. 6, 7. Paliui-us afTmis Heer ? 198
Fig. 8. Zizyphus elegans Hollick 198
Figs. 9, 10. Zizyphus ohiongus ii. sp 198
Figs. 11, 12. Zizyphus gronlandicus Heer 198
Fig. 13. Zizyphus Lewisiaiia Hollick 198
Fig. 14. Paliuiiis ovalis Dawson 198
ILLUSTRATIONS. 11
Page.
Plate XXXIV.— Figs. 15-17. Oeanothus constrictus n. .sp 19S
Figs. IS, 19. Steroulia sp 198
Fig. 20. Sterculia Snowii Lesq.? 198
Figs. 21, 22. Sterculia pre-labrusca n. sp 198
XXXV.— Figs. 1-8, 10-12. Eucalyptus Geinitzi'(Heer) Heer 200 .
Figs. 9, 1-4, 15. Eucalyptus ? angustifolia Newb 200
Fig. 13. Myrtophyllum Warderi Lesq i '. 200
Fig. 16. Eucalyptus ? nervosa Newb 200
XXXVI.— Figs. 1-5. Eucalyptus latifolia n. sp 202
Fig. 6. Eucalyptus Sohubleri (Heer) ? n. comb 202
XXXVII.— Figs. 1, 2. Aralia Ravniana Heer 204
Figs. 3-6. Aralia gronlandica Heer 204
Fig. 7. Cissites formosus Heer ? 204
Fig. 8a. Chondrophyllum orbiculatum Heer 204
Fig. 8b. Salix protesefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq 204
Fig. 9. Hedera simplex n. sp , 204
XXXVIII.— Figs. 1, 2. Aralia nassauensis Hollick 206
Fig. 3. Aralia patens Newb.? 206
Fig. 4. Aralia palmata Newb — 206
Fig. 5, 6. Aralia coriacea Vel 206
Fig. 7. Panax cretacea Heer 206
Fig. 8. Pterospermites niodestus Lesq 206
XXXIX.— Fig. 1. Andromeda latifolia Newb 208
Figs. 2-5. Andromeda Parlatorii Heer 208
Fig. 6. Andromeda flexuosa Newb 208
Fig. 7. Andromeda tenuinervis Lesq 208
"Figs. 8, 9. Kalmia Brittoniana Hollick 1 208
Figs. 10, 11. Myrsine borealis Heer 208
Fig. 12. Myrsinites ? Gaudini Lesq 208
Figs. 13, 14. Myrsine elougata Newb 208
XL. — Fig. 1. Viburnum integrifolium Newb 210
Figs. 2, 11. Diospyros primseva Heer 210
Fig. 3. Diospyros pseudoanceps Lesq 210
Figs. 4^6. Diospyros apiculata Lesq.? 210
Figs. 7-10. Diospyi'os provecta Vel 210
Fig. 12. Diospyros prodromus Heer? .' 210
Figs. 13, 14. Premnophyllum trigonum Vel 210
Fig. 15. Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.) 210
Fig. 16. Periploca cretacea n. sp — 210
Fig. 17. Viburnum Hollickii Berry 210
THE CRETACEOUS FLORA
OF
SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
By Arthur Holuck.
INTRODUCTION.
SCOPE OF THIS jMONOGEAPH.
The flora described in this monograph belongs in part to the Earitan and in part
to the Cliiiwood formation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Cretaceous, as represented in
southern New York, on Staten Island and Long Island, and in southern New Eng-
land, on Block Island and Marthas Viaeyard in the States of Rhode Island and
Massachusetts, respectively, and these formations within the above-described geo-
graphic limits are collectively the equivalent of the "Island series" of Dr. Lester F.
Ward, as defined by him in his paper on the Potomac formation" (pp. 335, 336) as
follows :
From Morgan [N. J.], the most easterly point, the formation may be traced northward across Staten Island
and the northern shore of Long Island, and it reappears on Marthas Vineyard in the celebrated cliffs of Gay
Head. At all of these points the stratigraphical evidence is strongly supported by paleontological evidence.
Along this most eastern line a new phase is seen, viz, the occurrence of concretions in the variegated clays, in the
form of hard ironstones, which when broken open are often found to contain vegetable remains in an admirable
state of preservation. I am therefore disposed to regard these ferruginous, concretionary beds, extending from
Staten Island to Marthas Vineyard, as the very latest phase of the Potomac formation, which I shall call the
Island series, although from the similarity in the flora I am disposed to include them, along with the Raritan
and Amboy clan's, in the Albirupean series.
Since the date when the above was written, our knowledge of the geologj^ of the
region has been considerably enlarged by the discovery of new exposures and by the
critical examination and identification of the paleontological material collected, so
that we are now in a position to define with reasonable certainty the present and
probable former areal extent of the deposits of Cretaceous age in the region and to
correlate them more satisfactorily than heretofore with equivalent deposits elsewhere.
In this connection the evidence derived from fossil plants has been of greatest value>
and these it is the special object of tliis monograph to describe and discuss.
oFifteenth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey (1893-94), 1896, pp. 307-397.
13
14 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
LOCAIjITIES AVHERE r08SII. PIvA^STTS HAVE BEEK FOU^TD.
Within the area! hmits of the islands mentioned a number of locahties have
yielded fossil plants. At some they were foimd in place in the clays; at others, as
morainal material more or less closely associated -with them, as wall be described
more fully in the geological discussioia.
Following is a list of the localities, with the characters of the plant-bearing
deposits :
Staten Island :
Green Ridge, clays in place.
Kreischerville, clays in place.
Tottenville, morainal material.
Richmond Valley, morainal material.
Princess Bay, morainal material.
Arrochar, morainal material.
Long Island :
Brooklyn, morainal material.
Elm Point (Great Neck), clays in place?
Mott Point (Manhasset Neck), morainal material.
Sea Cliff, morainal material.
Glen Cove, clays in place and morainal material.
Dosoris Island, morainal material.
Oak Neck, morainal material.
Center Island, morainal material.
Cold Spring, clays in place. >
Lloyd Neck, morainal material.
Little Neck (Northport Harbor), clays in place.
Batons Neck, morainal material.
Montauk Point, morainal material.
Block Islfipd:
Black Rock Point, morainal material.
Southeast Point, morainal material.
Balls Point, morainal material.
Marthas Vineyard :
Gay Head, clays disturbed by glacial action and morainal material.
Nashaquitsa, clays disturbed by glacial action.
Chappaquiddick, morainal material redistributed.
Elizabeth Islands:
Naushon, morainal material.
PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS AND STUDIES OF THE REGION".
The region included within the scope of this monograph attracted the attention of
geologists and others interested in natural phenomena before the beginning of the
last century. The earlier scientific descriptions consist for the most part of narra-
tives of explorations, with references to facts observed and conclusions deduced from
them, which although they sound crude and quaint to-day are of interest and value
in reflecting the habit of mind which prevailed at the time they were written, and
when read in connection with later investigations and mterpretations form an
instructive chapter in the evolution of scientific observation and reasoning.
In 1786 Rev. Samuel West, William Baylies, and four others formed a party to
visit Marthas Vinej^ard, and the account of their voyage and what they observed was
PEEVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS AND STUDIES. 15
included in two communications to Governor James Bowdoin, of Massachusetts,"
from which the following by Mr. Baylies is abstracted :
I have at length executed the design, which I had formed in consequence of an invitation from the Reverend
Ml-. West, of visiting Gay Head. In company with him, Col. Pope, and two others I sailed from Bedford in an
open two-mast boat. * * * A northerly wind carried us down the river into the midst of the bay in an easy,
agreeable manner. A calm then coming on with a hot sun and a constant rolling of the boat, I grew exceed-
ingly sick. Nothing could alleviate my feelings but a view of Gay Head, through Quicks Hole, at the distance
of about fifteen miles. A variety of colors, such as red, yellow, and white, differently shaded and combined,
exhibited a scene sufficient to captivate the mind, however distressed. * * * We beckoned to two young
Indians whom we saw on the bilk above us. They inunediately came, and by the promise of a little rum our
boat was hauled up on the beach. * * * After our arrival at the chffs we looked round for a place of descent.
This in a little time we found. * * * On one side we had a red, unctuous, argillaceous' earth; on the other
a blue, white, and yellow one variegated with gray, black, and green spots, and masses of charcoal under our
feet. When we had descended, on looking back the idea of a volcano struck us at once. In fact, it had all the
appearance of having blown out but a few days. That it was formerly a volcano was confirmed by a further
examination. Large stones whose surfaces were vitrified, great numbers of small ones cemented together by
melted sand, and also cinders were to be seen ip many places. A black, sooty powder similar to lampblack and
made use of by painters to serve the same purposes, under which a whitish matter resembling the gypseous
earth calcined, intermixed with the same kind of earth uncalcined, were to be found in great quantities. Besides
there are very plain marks of four or five different craters. * * * We tarried on the island * * *
examinmg the cliffs. * * * They appeared to be composed principally of clays of all colors and unctuous
to the touch. The red, used as a paint, undoubtedly derives its color from the calx of iron. The blue shoots
out copperas in considerable plenty, and we found hard, heavy pieces of matter sparkling with small granulated
particles of a white color embedded therein. This, it is probable, will afford something of the metallic kind.
* * * Small streams of water ran down the sides of the cliffs. * * * Every one of these had more or
less of the vitriolic taste.
The bones of whales, sharks' teeth, and petrified shellfish are frequently picked up, scattered up and down
the cliff, at a considerable distance above the surface of the water. The sea, it is said, has made considerable
encroachments on this part of Gay Head. Within thirty years it has swept off fifteen or twenty rods. Had
Neptune thus demolished part of Vesuvius or ^tna up to their very craters and laid open all their secrets, how
would the curious in Europe have flocked from all quarters to behold a scene so full of wonders! But Gay Head
is scarcely mentioned in America.
Probably the next description of importance relating to any portion of the
region is that by Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill, in which the author discusses the geology
and muieralogy of "Long or Nassau Island." * His statements of facts and liis theo-
ries in regard to them make curious readuig for the modern geologist, and in places
may be detected a note of protest against the new ideas of cause and effect that were
just then beguining to be accepted. In his speculations concerning the geology, for
example, he says:
From a survey of the fossils in these parts of the American coast, one becomes convmced that the prmcipal
share of them Is granitical, composed of the same sorts of materials as the highest Alps, Pyrenees, Caucasus, arid
Andes, and, like them, destitute of metals and petrifactions.
The occurrence of no horizontal strata, and the frequency of vertical layers, led him further to suppose
that these strata are not secondary collections of minerals, hut are certainly in a state of primeval arrangement.
* * *
What inference remains now to be drawn from this statement of facts, but that the fashionable opinion of
considering these marithne parts of our country as flats, hove up from the deeps by the sea or brought down
from the heights by the rivers, stands unsupported by reason and contradicted by experience?
aMem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1793, pp. 147-150; ibid., 1797, pp. 150-155.
6 Medical Eepository, vol. 3, 2d ed., 1805, pp. 325-335; vol. 5, 1802, pp. 212-215.
1(5 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Nevertheless he gives evidence further on of accurate powers of observation and
an ability to draw conclusions from facts which would do credit to modem investi-
gators. Thus in discussing the formation of Long Island he continues:
A more probable opinion is, that Long Island and the adjacent continent were, in former days, contiguous,
or only separated by a small river, and that the strait which now divides them was formed by successive inroads
of the sea, from the eastward and westward, in the course of ages. * * *
Between Long Island and the continent there are several shoals, with rocks scattered over them, which are
apparently sunken or wasted islands. These remains of what was, probably, in former days, upland of as great
height as the neighboring islands afford strong evidence of the leveling power of the waves.
Nearly all who subsequently investigated the geology of the region recognized
that the extensions of the Coastal Plain strata of the mainland were probably repre-
sented on Staten Island, Long Jsland, and the islands to the eastward, but at first
with poorly defined or erroneous' conceptions of their geologic age or stratigraphic
relations.
In 1823 Jolin Finch read a paper before the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, entitled "Geological Essay on the Tertiary Formation in America,""
in which the Raritan, Staten Island, Long Island, and Gay Head clays are referred
to the Tertiary period.
In 1824 Edward Hitchcock, in his "Notices on the Geology of Marthas Vineyard
and the Elizabeth Islands,"'' remarks that "Long Island, in those places where I
have seen it, is unquestionably very similar in its geological structure to Llarthas
Vineyard, and probably belongs to the same era," while fiu-ther on he concludes
"that the Vineyard and Nantucket are the continuation of that extensive formation,
hitherto called Alluvial, of which Long Island has been regarded as the north-
eastern limit."
About 1825 the studies of Lardner Vanuxem and S. G. Morton resulted in an
effort to differentiate the late formations of eastern United States, and in a paper
by the latter entitled "Geological Observations on the Secondary, Tertiary, and
Alluvial Formations of the Atlantic Coast of the United States of America, "^ he
mentions Manhattan Island, Long Island, Marthas Vineyard, and Nantucket as
mcluded in the Tertiary, although the equivalency of certain of the New Jersey
strata with the Cretaceous of the Old World is recognized.
In 1837 and 1838 Wilham W. Mather, in the First and Second Annual Reports
of the New York State Geological Survey,'' mentions the clays and sands of Staten
Island and Long Island, but with very indefuiite allusions to their probable geological
relations. In regard to the Staten Island exposure he merely says that it seems to
be "similar in its general characters to that of Cheesequake and Matavan Pomt, on
the Jersey shore, and it appears to have a similar geological position;" wliile in
regard to the clays of Long Island he remarks that "they have the external charac-
ters of potter's clay," but he refers them to the Tertiary.
In 1843, in his final report, '' Mr. Mather arrives at more defuiite conclusions in
regard to the last-mentioned strata and says:
o Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 7, 1824, pp. 31-43.
llbid., pp. 240-248.
cJour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, pt. 1, 1827, pp. 50-71.
ci Assembly Doc. No. 161, February 11, 1837; ibid., No. 200, February 20, 1838.
«Nat. Hist. Now York, pt., 4; Geol., pt. 1; Gcol. 1st Geol. Dist.,p.,248.
PEEA'IOUS DESCEIPTIONS AND STUDIES. 17
The reasons for believing that the principal mass of this formation is older than the Tertiary will be seen
in tracing the equivalency of these beds to those of New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia, where it
is considered as established that the corresponding strata belong to the upper secondary of the epoch of the
Cretaceous and greensand formations.
Up to this time, while the general relationsliips bet\7een the strata of the main-
land coastal plain and those of the islands were recognized, this recognition was
based upon lithologic resemblances and stratigrapliic position only, and, in the
absence of any paleontologic evidence, conclusions were not entirely satisfactory or
convincing and more or less controversy and discussion ensued.
At about this period, however, the first discoveries of fossils on the islands began
to be made, but their importance was not appreciated. The discoveries were not
followed up, and they received but little more than passing attention. Probably
the earliest record in this connection is by Edward Hitchcock ° in his descriptions of
and discussion concerning the fossil animal and vegetable remains found at Gay Head.
Of special significance are the fossil fruit and leaves, to some of which reference is
made in this monograph.* The Gaj^ Head section is included by the author under
"Eocene or older Tertiary strata."
On December 19, 1842, at a meeting of the New York Lyceum of Natural His-
tory, a specimen of Exogyra was sho^vn, to which the following reference may be
found in the minutes of that meeting: "Doctor Jay exliibited a fossil Exogyra, found
60 feet below the surface, in digging a well in the city of Brookljrn. Referred to
Messrs. Jay and W. C. Redfield to report upon the authenticity of the locality and
other matters respecting the geological relations of the fossil." Tliis discovery was
again mentioned at the Albany meeting of the Association of American Geologists
and Naturalists, in 184.3, hj Mr. Redfield, who said:'^ "This is believed to be the
first authentic memorial of the Cretaceous formation found in the State of New
York." It may also be found mentioned by Issachar Cozzens, jr., on pp. 51, 52 of
his "Geological History of Manhattan or New York Island, etc.," published in 1843
where he says in his discussion of the New Jerse}^ marl: "It is more than probable
that this member of the Cretaceous Group underlies Long Island and may be a c*n-
tinuation of the great range which begins at the south, in Virginia, and runs through
New Jersey to the Neversink Hills, at which place it is last seen above the surface."
Accompanying this discussion is a theoretical geological section (pi. 3) , drawn iu the
exaggerated manner characteristic of that time, which is exceedingly interesting
when viewed in the light of what we now know in regard to the structure of Long
Island.
In 1849 a paper was published by M. E. Desor and E. C. Cabot under the title
"On the Tertiary and More Recent Deposits in the Island of Nantucket,"'^ in which
the authors refer to the resemblance between the clays of Truro, Cape Cod; Sankaty
Head, Nantucket, and Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, all of which are regarded as
probably Tertiary in age and as extending to the south beneath Long Island.
o Final Eept. Geol. Mass., vol. 2, 1841, pp. 429-433.
iDammara borealis Heer, p. 37, PI. II, figs. 12, 21. Magnolia auriculataNewb., p. C8. PI. XX, fig. 8.
c Abstr. Proc. 4th sess., Assn. Am. Geol. and Nat.: Am. Jour. ScL, vol. 45, 1S43, p. 156.
i Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 5, 1849, pp. 340-344.
MON L — 06 2
18 FLOKA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
In 1859 Dr. William Stimpson visited Marthas Vineyard, where he collected both
animal and plant remains and determined certain of the strata at Gay Head to be
Cretaceous in age. " The notice in regard to this excursion, however, is very meager.
The work of the Geological Survey of New Jersey, which was begun at about
this time, contributed a constantly increasing amount of information from year to
year, in its annual reports, concerning the Cretaceous deposits in that State, together
with occasional references to their probable extensions through Staten Island and
Long Island, affording material assistance to those who were engaged in the study
of these deposits on the islands mentioned.
In 1873 a geological map of the United States, prepared by C. H. Hitchcock and
W. P. Blake, was issued in connection with the Ninth United States Census. On it
the north shore of Long Island was indicated as Cretaceous, and in replj^ to a criti-
cism of this feature by J. D. Dana'' a paper was read by Professor Hitchcock before
the American Association for the Advancement of Science at the Portland, Me.,
meeting in 1873, in which he says:" "Notwithstanding the evidence is so probable
in its favor, it is surprising to observe that mine is the first published map that
colors tliis area correctly." .
This discussion, however, practically ended any further serious controversy in
regard to the Cretaceous age of the Long Island strata. Evidence began to accu-
mulate which could no longer be ignored or controverted, and writers became more
conservative in expressing contrary opinions or conclusions. Specimens of dicoty-
ledonous leaves were found at several widely separated localities on Long Island,
and although their exact geological age was not at first determined their significance
was appreciated.
The earliest record in this connection is probably to be found in the Proceedings
of the New York Lyceum of Natural History,** in the account of the meeting of
January 9, 1871, where the following brief paragraph occurs:
The president, Dr. J. S. Newberry, exhibited a piece of red sandstone, containing impressions of leaves
found in excavating the foundation for the gas office in Williamsburg [now included in the eastern district of
Brooklyn]. This, he said, was a specimen of remarkable interest. In its lithological characters this rock
closely resembles the Triassic sandstone so much used in New York for architectural purposes; but it con-
tained numhers of very heautifvlly preserved impressions of angiospermous leaves. No plants of this kind were
known to exist during the Trias or before the Cretaceous; but we know of no such Cretaceous or Tertiary
sandstone on the North Am?rican continent. The mass from which this specimen was taken was a bowlder
and the associated transported blocks were granite, porphyry, greenstone, dolomite, etc., plainly referable to
well-known localities north of New York. But no such sandstone as this was known, and it became a matter
of extreme interest to ascertain what was its origin.
Subsequently further material was brought to light, and at the meeting of March
23, 1874, as recorded in the Proceedings (ser. 2, No. 4, pp. 126, 127), it was reported
upon as follows :
The president (Dr. J. S. Newberry] described a sandstone containing angiospermous loaves very similar
in aspect to those of the Earitan and of the Lower Cretaceous in the far West, which occurs in bowlders at
Lloyds Neck, Long Island. This is undoubtedly the same rock with that of the Williamsburg gas house, as
he was satisfied from comparison. It is totally unlike anything known in this vicinity, and unfortunately
liiis not yet been'foiind in situ. Whenever it is, some interesting liglit will lie thrown on this whole question.
But its presence under these circumstances points to its existence in place at some locality not far away. ,
o Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 29, 1860, p. 14.5. c Proc. Am. Assn. Adv. Sci., vol. 22, pt. 2, 1874, <pp. 131, 132.
6 Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 6, 1873, p. 66. dSer. 1, pp. 149. 1.50.
PEEVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS AND STUDIES. 19
In 1879 Mr. Warren Upham published his papers on "Terminal Moraines of the
North American Ice Sheet,"" in which may be found the first comprehensive effort
to discuss the most obvious glacial phenomena of the coastal islands, with inci-
dental reference to the basal clays and their contorted condition in a number of
locahties. In regard to the clays on Gardiners Island he says (p. 90): "Further
exploration is needed to compare these with the lignitic beds of Block Island and
the upturned Tertiary strata of Gay Head."
In 1881 Dr. N. L. Britton read a paper before the New York Academy of Sciences
entitled "On the Geology of Richmond County, N. Y.,"'' in which the probable
eastward extension of the Cretaceous strata through Staten Island and Long Island
is mentioned and the prediction is made that although "no fossil leaves or shells'
have been taken from the clays of Staten Island * * * it is not improbable
that they will be found at some future time, when the excavations are more advanced
than at present."
In the same year the Natural Science Association of Staten Island'' was organized
and the investigation of local scientific matters was systematized, and the collecting
of material and recording of facts was begun. In the Proceedings of tliis association
for November 10, 188.3, may be found a paragraph to the effect that —
* * * the following objects were presented and discussed; By Mr. HoUick, fossil leaf in;ipressions * * *
from the shale and sandstone on the shore at Tottenville. Mr. Britton spoke at some length in regard to this
discovery and stated that it was likely to prove the most important one yet made by the association. Geologi-
cally it is a link in the chain connecting Glen Cove, Long Island, with Ke3rport, N. J., at each of which locali-
ties similar fossils have been found. The age of the rocks containing them is a matter of dispute, some authori-
ties referring them to the Cretaceous and some to the Tertiary. It is quite possible that a careful study and
investigation of our locality may be of far more than mere local importance.
In the Proceedings of the same association for December 8, 1883, the matter is
again referred to in the following communication by Doctor Britton:
The occurrence of similar fossiliferous sandstones on the beach near Glen Cove, Long Island, and vicinity
has been known for some time. There they are found in precisely the same position as at Tottenville, and are
associated with extensive beds of fire clay, kaolin, etc. The Tottenville station is not immediate^ on these
clays, but they are found near by in several directions, notably at Kreischerville. That the two localities
mark outcrops of the same geological formation, and probably approximately of the same strata, is almost cer-
,tain. The physical structure of the Glen Cove series is exactly parallel to that of certain of the clay beds of
Middlesex County, N. J., which are well known to belong to the Cretaceous epoch. In the absence of suffi-
cient fossil evidence we can not state with absolute certainty that the two deposits are equivalent, but there
is little doubt that this will ultimately be proven and that the New Jersey and Staten Island clays, kaolins,
lignites, etc., find another and their most northern outcrop on the north shore of Long Island at or near Glen
Cove.
In 1885 plant remains were found in the Kreischerville clays as had been antici-
pated. A number of these were compared with and identified as known species
common in the New Jersey Cretaceous clays, and the equivalency of the strata in the
two localities was definitely established.''
In the meantime ^Ir. F. J. H. Merrill had been at work on the geolog}' of Long
Island, and the results of his investigations were included in a paper on the subject,
oAm. Jour. Sci., vol. 18, 1879, pp. 81-92, 197-209.
iAnnals New York .-Vcad. Sci., vol. 2, 1SS2, pp. 161-1S2.
c Now the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences.
<iProc. Nat. Sci. Assn. Staten Island, vol. 1, February 13, ISCG, p. 31.
20 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
read before the New York Academy of Sciences on November 7, 1884;° but the
author assumed a very conservative attitude in regard to the presence of sluj mem-
ber of the Cretaceous seyies and merely concluded that —
From the position and strike of the Cretaceous strata in New Jersey and Statsn Island it has been surmised
by geologists that tliey underlie Long Island throughout the whole or a portion of its extent. The locality at
which the strata most resemble the Cretaceous beds of New Jersey is Glen Cove, where the clays already
described are probably of this age.
During this same period Dr. J. S. Newberry began his studies of the xYmboj'' clay
flora of New Jersey, by means of which he was enabled to correlate these clays with
the Dakota group of the West and the lower Atane beds of Greenland and also to
determine certain of the fossil leaves found on Long Island to be specifically identical
with those fi-om the Amboy clays and thus to fix beyond further question the Creta-
ceous age of the clays of Long Island. The complete results of Doctor Newberry's
investigations were not published until many years subsequentlj^'' but I enjoyed the
benefit of close association with the author in the preparation of both the manu-
script and the plates and in the collecting of material from the fu'st inception of the
work. Doctor Newberry's conclusions in regard to the Cretaceous age of the strata
within the island areas and their correlation as above noted may be found dis-
cussed in the introductory chapter of the work mentioned.
At a meeting of the New York Academy of Sciences, on May 1 1 , 1885, Dr. F. J. H.
Merrill gave a description of the beds at Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, referring
them to the post-Pliocene or Quaternary, " but the record consists merely of the title
of the paper read.
In 1888 a report on the geology of Marthas Vineyard, by Prof. N. S. Shaler,
appeared,*^ and, in the following year, one on Nantucket by the same author. "^ Both
Cretaceous and Tertiary strata were recognized as present on the former, but only
Tertiary and more recent on the latter. These were by far the most comprehensive
works on any of the coastal islands which had been published up to that time, and
wliile all of the author's deductions may not have stood the test of later discoveries,
they mark an epoch in the investigation of the geology of the region and the begin-
ning of careful and painstaking work on a modei'n scientific basis. In 1889 the same
author published a paper "On the Occurrence of Fossils of the Cretaceous Age on the
Island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass.,"-' in which is described a limited fauna, but no
flora.
Even in the light of all the evidence above outlined, however, the presence of
Cretaceous strata throughout the coastal islands was not universal^ conceded. In
18S6, on a geological map of the United States by Prof. C. H. Hitchcock, pub-
lished in connection with the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the Cretaceous
is not indicated on Marthas Vineyard, although it is indicated on the north shore
of Long Island; and as late as 1891, in "Correlation Papers — Cretaceous," ^ Dr. C. A.
White remarks (p. 85) that: "Several persons have written upon, or referred to, the
"Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1885, pp. 341-364.
' Flora of the Amboy clays, by J. S. Newberry; a posthumous work, edited by Arthur HoUick: Mou. U.S. Geol. Survey,
vol.26, 1895 (1896).
cTrans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1885 (1887), pp. 78, 79.
(t Seventh Ann. Ilept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1885-6 (1888), pp. 297-363.
« Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. .53, 1889.
/ Bull. Mua. Comp. Zool. Harvard Univ., vol. 16, 1889, pp. 89-97.
a Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 82, 1891.
PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS AND STUDIES. 21
discovery of Cretaceous fossils upon Long Island; but a large proportion of these
reported discoveries lack confirination."
It was about this time that the work wliich finall)^ resulted in the preparation of
this monograph may be said to have had its inception, although for several j^ears
previously I had been engaged in the investigation of the Cretaceous strata on
Stateri Island, the results of which were recorded from time to time in the Proceed-
ings of the Natural Science Association of Staten Island. During the years 1889 and
1890 Mr. David White and Mr. Lester F. Ward made extensive collections of paleo-
botanical material on Long Island and Marthas Vineyard, which resulted in the pub-
lication of two papers on the subject by Mr. "VXTiite. ° These papers demonstrated so
conclusively the importance of fossil plants as paleontological evidence that the
prosecution of tlris line of investigation was clearly indicated as indispensable in
the event of any comprehensive investigation of the geolog}'' of the region being
attempted. This material was shortly afterwards turned over to me for critical
examination and report, but it at once became apparent that any such work would
lack completeness unless it could be made to include a study of all the coastal islands
and the adjacent shores. In accordance with this idea a systematic exploration was
at once begun, beginning at Staten Island and extending eastward tln-ough Long
Island, Block Island, Marthas Viiieyard, Nantucket, the Elizabeth Islands, and
Cape Cod. The results of this exploration, which was carried on from year to year
as circumstances permitted, were included in a series of papei's, most of which were
read before the New York Academy of Sciences or the Torrey Botanical Club, and
subsequently published in the Transactions or Annals of the former and the Bulle^
tin of the latter and of the New York Botanical Garden. ' The facts recorded in
these papers form the basis of this monograph, and in it is included all that seems to
be essential to its scope as previously defined.
<• Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, pp. 93-101; BuU. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 1, 1890, pp. 554, 555.
fel. The paleontology of the Cretaceous formation on Staten Island: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11 (February 29,
1892), pp. 96-101, pis. 1-1.
II. Additions to the paleobotany of the Cretaceous formation on Staten Island: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12
(November 14, 1892), pp. 28-39, pis. 1-^.
III. Additions to the paleobotany of the Cretaceous formation on Staten Island, No. 2: Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol.
11 (October 13, 1898). pp. 415-430, pis. 36-38.
IV. Some features of the drift on Staten Island, N. Y. : Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12 (July 7, 1899), pp. 91-102, pi. 1.
v. Plant distribution as a factor in the interpretation of geological phenomena, with special reference to Long Island
and vicinity: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12 (April 24, 1893), pp. 189-202.
VI. Preliminary contribution to our knowledge of the Cretaceous formation on Long Island and eastward: Trans. New
York Acad. Sci., vol. 12 (May 22, 1893), pp. 222-237, pis. 5-7.
VII. Additions to the paleobotany of the Cretaceous formation on Long Island : Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21 (February
20, 1894), pp. 49-65, pis. 174-180.
VIII. Additions to the paleobotany of the Cretaceous formation on Long Island, No. 2: Buh. N«w York Bot. Gard., vol. 3
(April 14, 1905), pp. 403^18, pis. 70-79.
IX. Some further notes on the geology of the north shore of Long Island: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13 (January
22, 1894), pp. 122-1.30, and table of distribution.
X. Geological notes: Long Island and Nantucket: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 15 (October 14, 1895), pp. 3-10.
XI. Geological notes: Long Island and Block Island: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16 (October 19, 1896), pp. 9-18.
XII. Notes on Block Island: Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11 (April 20, 1898), pp. 55-88, pis. 2-9.
XIII. Observations on the geology and botany of Marthas Vineyard: Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13 (October 23, 1893),
pp. 8-22.
XIV. Dislocations in certain portions of the Atlantic Coastal Plain strata and their probable causes : Trans. New York
Acad. Sci., vol. 14 (October 15, 1894), pp. 8-20, figs. 1-5.
XV. A reconnaissance of the Elizabeth Islands: Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13 (January 14, 1901), pp. 387—118, pis.
8-15.
XVI. Geological and botanical notes: Cape Cod and Chappaquiddick Island, Mass.: Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol, 2
(April 25. 1902), pp. 381-407, pis. 40, 41.
22 FLOKA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
During this same period other investigators were also at work in the same
region, with most of whom I had the good fortune either to cooperate or to exchange
views, and to whom I am indebted for valuable hints and material assistance on many
occasions.
In 1892 ]\Ir. P. R. Uhler pubUshed a paper entitled "A Study of Gay Head,
Marthas Vineyard," " in which is mentioned the occurrence of fossil leaves, including
Sapindus, Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer, Liriodendron simplex Newb., Sequoia amhigua
Heer, and a Sassafras, which are described as having been found "in the laj^ers of
the alternating clay on both the west and the southwest faces of the Gay Head
cliffs." The author also remarks (pp. 210, 211) that "The structure of the Gay
Head tcrrane admits of no explanation as the result of mountam-buUding move-
ments. * * * Such an enormous load of heavy material, accompanied by the
thrust and pressure of icebergs driven over the surface and stranded at intervals,
even if an extended glacier did not exert its energy upon tliis weakly consolidated
elevation, might wen have disturbed the poise of its upper beds. * * * " This
same theory had been previously advanced by Dr. F. J. H. Merrill, in order to ac-
count for the contortions in certain strata on Long Island,'' and similar phenomena
on Block Island and Staten Island were subsequently referred to the same cause by
me in the papers upon the geology of those islands, mentioned in the preceding list.
[r In a paper entitled " Notes on the Clays of New York State and their Economic
Value "'^ ]\'Ir. Heinrich Ries briefly mentions the Staten Island and Long Island clays.
In regard to the former he says (p. 43): "The clays of Staten Island are chiefly
Cretaceous, as proven by the fossils found in them. * * * The chief outcrops
are at Kreischerville, Green Ridge, and Arrochar. * * * Jn many instances the
clays have been much disturbed by the passage of the ice over them, and in some
cases the sections show overthrown anticlines. * * * Fragmentary plant
remains were found by the writer." On Long Island he mentions the occurrence of
clay, "no doubt of Cretaceous age," at Elm Point and remarks that leaves are said
to have been foimd in it, while in regard to the Glen Cove outcrop he says (p. 45):
" This has long been known to be Cretaceous, as proved by its contained plant remains,
which are in concretions in the clay'" The Northport clays are given the following
brief description only (p. 45) : "There is a deposit of fire and pottery clay at North-
port. It is of white, blue, and red color and is stratified. The layers are separated
by thin sheets of sand. The owner claims to have frequently dug up leaves. This
is probably another Cretaceous outcrop."
In a subsequent paper by Mr. Ries on " Microscopic Organisms in the Claj-s of New
York State"<* the author says (p. 166): "A number of Cretaceous plant remains
embedded in concretions have been found along the north shore of the island between
Glen Cove and Northport, but they have been found in the clay only at the former
locahty. The writer has found leaves (referable to Eucalyptus) in the clays at
Northport. * * * " In this paper a number of species of diatoms are listed as
occurring in the Cretaceous clays, as follows (p. 167): "In that from Northport,
which greatly resembles some of the Staten Island clays and may prove to be of the
a Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1892 (1901), pp. 204-212.
!> Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 188.'"., pp. 3,'-.X-360.
cTrans. Now York Acad. .Sci., vol. 12, 1892, pp. 40-17.
il Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, pp. 165-169.
PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS AND STUDIES. 23
same age, three species of diatoms were met, viz: Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs.,
Diatoma liyemale K. B., Cocconema parvum W. Smith. * * * The most interest-
ing discovery, however, was the finding of diatoms in the stoneware clay at Glen
Cove. The species are: Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs. [and] StepTianodiscus
niagarse Ehr. * * * "
In a bed of diatomaceous earth on Lloyd Neck the following diatoms were
found (p. 168) :
Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs. Navicula varians Greg.
Stephanodiscus niagarse £hr. Navicula lata Brelj.
Epitheniia turgida (Ehi .) Kutz. Eunotia monodon Ehr.
Encyonema ventricosura Kutz. Gomphonema capitatum Ehr.
CymbeUa delicatula Kutz. Stauroneis Phcenecenteron Ehr.
Cymbella cuspidata Kutz. Fragilaria construans Grun.
Navicula viridis Kutz. Synedra affinis K. B.
Navicula cocconeiformis Greg. Campyloneis Grevillei regalis.
Navicula major Kutz. ' Triceratium trifoliatum.
The author does not make ft clear, however, whether he regards the bed as Cre-
taceous in age, although tliis is inferred from the text. His final words are (p. 169) :
In the kaolin found near Kreischerville [Staten Island] were discovered a number of diatoms, which Dr.
[D. B.] Ward informs me are either Cocconeis placentula Ehr. or Cocconeis pediculus Ehr. Their occurrence is
also of great interest, as these kaolins are known to be middle Cretaceous beyond doubt.
It seems to me that the results obtained from this hasty examination of the clays are sufficiently encour-
aging to warrant a further and detailed search. The correlation of strata by means of their microscopic
organisms has been successfully tried elsewhere, and further work might prove it applicable to the clays of
Long Island, whose age and stratigi-aphic relations need much further elucidation.
The Northport clays were subsequently submitted to a more critical examination
by Mr. Ries, and a number of plant remains were found in them. These were sub-
mitted to me for study, and among them I was able to identify, provisionally, Pali-
urus integrifolius HoUick, Laurus angusta Heer, Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer,
Paliurus sp., Myrsine sp., CelastropJiyllum sp., and Williamsonia sp. This list,
together with Mr. Ries's remarks on the clays, is mcluded in his paper "On the
Occurrence of Cretaceous Clays at Northport, Long Island."'* in which he says:
In a previous paper the writer mentioned this clay deposit and expressed the belief that it would be found
to be of Cretaceous age. Such has proven to be the case. In a recent visit to the locality a careful examina-
tion of the section exposed showed that a brownish-black seam of the clay, two feet thick, contained plant
fragments in great quantity, and a few of them were sufficiently well preserved to permit identification and
prove the Cretaceous age of the deposit beyond doubt.
All the facts included in these three papers by Mr. Ries were finally embodied in
his "Clays of New York; their Properties and Uses," ^ together with plates repre-
senting some of the exposures and others in which the diatoms and many of the
characteristic Cretaceous leaves are depicted.
In 1894 Mr. Charles L. Pollard pubhshed a brief account of the Elm Point, Long
Island, fossil leaf locality,'' in which are enumerated the following four species:
Liriodendron simplex Newb., Diospyros primseva Heer, Magnolia altemans Heer,
and Platanus Newherryana Heer.
"School of Mines Quart., vol. 15, 1894, pp. 353, 354.
'Bun. New York State Mas. No. 35, vol. 7, June, 1900, pp. 595-611.
cTrana. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, pp. 180, 181.
24 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
In 1895 Dr. F. J. H. Merrill published " Notes on the Geology of Block Island," "
in wliich he concludes that the white clays and sands exposed at certain localities
may be of Cretaceous age and that their folded condition was caused by glacial
action. In regard to the Clay Head deposit he remarks (pp. 17, IS) that "in
character and position it is entirely analogous to that at Glen Cove, Long Island."
In 1896, at the New York meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, Prof.
O. C. Marsh read a paper on "The Jurassic Formation on the Atlantic Coast," ** in
which he advanced the theory that the clays throughout the insular area, as well
as their equivalents in New Jersej^, are probably Jurassic in age, but any evidence
to support the theory was not produced.
This paper was supplementary to two preliminary papers by the same author,
on "The Geology of Block Island," "^ in which the same theorj^ was advocated. In
these contributions the opinion was expressed that the testimony of fossil plants
was not conclusive as to the Cretaceous age of the strata.
In 1897 Prof. J. B. Woodworth read a paper before the Geological Society of
America on "Unconformities of Marthas Vineyard and of Block Island," ** in which
the disturbance caused by glacial action is discussed, and in 1900 one upon " Glacial
Origin of Older Pleistocene in Gay Head CHfIs," etc.,*^ which may be regarded as
supplementary to the one previously mentioned.
In 1899 a joint contribution appeared, by G. C. Curtis and J. B. Woodworth,
entitled "Nantucket, A Morainal Island,"^ in which, besides the discussion of the
glacial deposits, there is a brief paragraph (p. 231 to) the effect that: "The oldest
known formation on the island is a bluish clay, probably of Cretaceous age. * * *
The beds of this series are highly folded, as are also the strata of the same, and
even more recent date, in the islands westward to Staten Island." Opinions of
others in regard to the causes of the folding are also given, but without discussion.
In 1905 Mr. Myron L. Fuller, in a paper on the "Geology of Fishers Island, New
York, "^ makes mcidental reference to the same phenomena in connection with the
Gay Head and Block Island clays. The occurrence of Cretaceous deposits, at a depth
of some 260 feet below sea level, is inferred from the presence of a bed of blue clay
struck at that depth in a well boring, in regard to which the author (p. 373) says:
"No samples of this clay have been seen, but the fact that it rests on the granite
instead of on a thick series of glacial gravels, as does the only known Pleistocene clay
of the region, points to its probable Cretaceous age."
The most complete exposition of the geology of any part of the region was
brought out in 1902, under the joint authorsliip of F. J. H. Merrill, N. H. Darton,
Arthur Hollick, R. D. Salisbury, R. E. Dodge, Bailey Willis, and H. A. Pressey, as
the New York City folio of the Survey,* in which the entire area of Staten Island
and a portion of the adjacent area of Long Island is mapped topograpliically and
geologically, with descriptive text and illustrations. The Cretaceous area of
a Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1895, pp. 16-19.
6 Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 2, 1896, pp. 433-447.
•^Ibid., pp. 29r)-29S, 375-377.
dBull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 8, 1897, pp. 197-212.
cBuIl. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 11, 1900, pp. 455-460.
/Jour. Geol., vol. 7, 1899, pp. 226-236.
0 Bull. Geol. Scic. Am., vol. 16, 1905, pp. .367-390.
A Description ol the New York City district: Geologic Atlas U.S., folio S3, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902.
GEOLOGICAL DISCUSSION. 25
Staten Island is defined both on the map and in the description, and is correlated
with the Cretaceous of New Jersey on the basis of the fossil plants found in it.
About this time the problem of an additional water supply for New York City
was receiving earnest attention, with the result that numerous investigations were
made which involved reports upon the geologj^ of areas from which such supplies
might be obtained. Both Staten Island and Long Island received attention in this
connection, and during the progress of the work several new facts were incidentally
brought to light in relation to the surficial and underlying strata. ■"
Finally maj^ be mentioned J. B. Woodworth's paper on the " Pleistocene Geology
of Portions of Nassau County and Borough of Queens,"* in wliich the glacial phe-
nomena of that area are described and illustrated in considerable detail.
In addition to the preceding references to the principal papers on the geology of
the region a number of briefer notes and memoranda by some of the same authors
and others could be given, but those quoted probably include essentially all of the
diverse opinions wliich have been expressed from time to time, and indicate the
necessity that existed for careful -and critical examination of all the available facts
in connection with the topographic features, stratigraphy, and paleontology of the
region.
GEOIiOGICAL DISCTJSSIOK.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLANT-BEARING DEPOSITS.
The deposits in which fossil plants have been found at the localities previously
mentioned consist, in part, of clays, sands, and gravels, Hthologically similar to the
Cretaceous strata of the mainland, as represented in the Karitan and Cliffwood forma-
tions of New Jersey, and, in part, of morainal material derived from them.
The occurrence of ferruginous shale and concretions, while not altogether absent
on the mainland, reaches such a development on the islands as to constitute a dis-
tinct and characteristic lithologic feature of the insular deposits at a number of locali-
ties. The shaly condition is especially well developed in comiection with the clay
exposure on the shore a short distance west of the Glen Cove landing, Long Island,
while the concretionarj^ phase is best exemphfied in the Gay Head section on Marthas
Vineyard.
Both kinds of this hard material are also conspicuous constituents of the moraine
throughout almost its entire insular extent, frequently containing plant remains and
affording evidence of the former presence of Cretaceous deposits at or near to locali-
ties where all other indications have been entirely obhterated. It was the discovery
of specimens of this kind that first indicated the existence of a Cretaceous flora in
place on Staten Island and Long Island, and finally led to its identification elsewhere.
Whetherthis material islargelyaresultof glacial erosionand disturbance of the Cre-
taceous clays, which have thus become exposed to oxidizing influences and consequent
al. Freeman, John R., Report on New York's water supply, etc.; New York, Martin B. Brown & Co., 1900, 8 vo.,pp.587
maps, figures, and diagrams. v
II. Crosby, W. O., Outline ol the geology of Long Island in its relations to the public water supply: Tech. Quart, vol.
13, 1900, pp. 100-119.
III. Fuller, M. L., Probable pre-Kansan and lowan deposits of Long Island, N. Y.: Am. Geol., vol. 32, 1903, pp. 308-312.
IV. Veatch, A. C, The diversity of the Glacial period on Long Island: Jour. Geol., vol. 11, 1903, pp. 762-776.
V. Veatch, A. C, and others, Underground water resources of Long Island, , New York: Prof. Paper U. S. Geol.
Survey No. 44, 1906.
t> Bull. New York State Mus. No. 48. 1901.
26 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
hardening, is a question which has not as yet been satisfactorily answered. The coin-
cidence of its abundance in connection with the moraine, or in Cretaceous beds more
or less disturbed by glacial action, is significant, especially when compared with the
relative rarity of similar material in equivalent undisturbed beds; and the fact that
masses and fragments of clay may be found which show every gradation between
the plastic condition and that of hard ferruginous shale or solid concretions would
seem to indicate that these conditions have been brought about, at least in some
instances, from the oxidation of iron contained in the clay and in others from the accu-
mulation of layers of limonite around the exterior of clay fragments after these were
torn from the parent mass. Even where the shales or concretions are in place in
the clays, as at Glen Cove and Gay Head, the clays themselves must be regarded as
merely part of the moraine, representing portions of the Cretaceous beds wliich were
eroded and transported bodily or else shoved forward or squeezed upward from their
original positions by the advancing ice front and not as undisturbed strata in place.
This conspicuous feature, therefore, consisting of hardened fragments and concre-
tions, while it must be recognized as more or less characteristic where it occurs so
conspicuously, may not always be an original phase of the deposit, but may in cer-
tain exposures be due merely to the accident of their location within the area of
glacial disturbance.
Examples of erosion, transportation, and deformation of the Cretaceous deposits
by ice action are conspicuous throughout almost the entire morainal area from
Marthas Vineyard to Staten Island. In only two limited localities are the phenom-
ena wanting. One of these is the northern or Orient Pomt branch of the moraine on
Long Island ; the other is where the moraine rests upon the serpentine hills of Staten
Island. In the last-named locahty the absence of Cretaceous material is due to the
fact that the Cretaceous deposits did not extend north of these hills, while at Orient
Point its absence is probably to be explained on the theory that this point represents
a second or more recent morainal deposit, and that all of the Cretaceous material had
been previously eroded and included in the older or Montauk Point branch.
On the several islands the exact conditions under which the fossil plants occur
vary to some extent, and variations in conditions may be noted between certain
localities on the same island. Within our region the farthest, north that any Creta-
ceous material has been positively identified is on Naushon, the most eastern of the
Ehzabeth Islands, where there is a limited amount of plastic clay and some of the
characteristic ferruginous concretions containing hgnite, all included in the moraine.
The farthest east that any similar material has been reported is Chappaquiddick,
at the southeastern extremity of Marthas Vineyard, where characteristic species of
Cretaceous plants occur in the ferruginous shaly fragments which form a large part
of the reasserted drift material of that locahty. Thus far no positive evidence has
been obtained of the presence of a Cretaceous flora farther to the north, on Cape Cod,
or farther to the east, on Nantucket, and definite proof that any of the Cretaceous
formations were represented in those localities at all has not been recorded, so far as
I am aware.
At Nashaquitsa, on Marthas Vineyard, the plant remains occur in clay nodules,
embedded in the variegated clays of the cliff, wliich apparently form the outcropping
edge of a basin or trough of which the Gay Head section is part of the opposite rim.
GEOLOGICAL DISCUSSION. 27
This clay deposit is somewhat different in coloring and texture from that of any other
locality, and for that reason I have thought it possible that it might represent a
distinct geologic horizon. It is, however, more or less involved with the overlying
moraine and the adjacent sandy clays of the Weyquosque series, so that its exact
stratigraphic position is uncertain, and, unfortunately, the plants collected are few in
number and are largely of uncertain identity. Of the 222 species described in this
monograph only 13 are hsted from this locahty, and of these four are only pro-
visionally identified and two others are described as new.
At Gay Head fossil plants occur in certain of the gray sandy clays and in the fer-
ruo-inous nodules and concretions, either in place or scattered in the talus accumula-
tions of the escarpment. The stratigraphic relations of the various beds represented
in this section are too uncertain for definite conclusions on account of the tilting and
distortion to which they have been subjected; but inasmuch as 103 species of fossil
plants — a large majority of them representing well-known Cretaceous tyiies — have
been identified from this locality alone, the age of the beds from which they came
can not be questioned. Both 'the Raritan and the Cliflwood formations are repre-
sented in these species.
On Block Island, at all the localities, the fossils were found only as morainal
material, in ferruginous shale or sandstone, but mostly in close association with
transported or eroded masses of plastic and lignitic clay. No organic remains of
anyldnd, other than the hgnite, have been found in these clays; but their lithologic
characters and the close association with them of the characteristic ferruginous
material containing Cretaceous leaves are strong presumptive evidence of their age,
especially as they lie directly on the line of strike between the clays of Marthas
Vineyard on the east and those of Long Island on the west.
On Long Island the localities where Cretaceous fossil plants have been found
are scattered tliroughout the hills from Montauk Point to Brooklyn. At most of
these localities the plants occur in the moraine, and careful investigation would
undoubtedly result in making known a number of others, so as to include practi-
cally the entire morainal area.
On Little Neck, in Northport Harbor, and at Cold Spring, impressions of
leaves occur in the clays, while at Glen Cove numerous specimens have been found
in a layer of ferruginous shale, interbedded with the clays. This shale is more or
less fractured and slickensided, apparently representing a fault line or shear plane
in the clay, along which atmospheric waters percolated, oxidizing the iron in the
clay and transforming it into a thin layer of ferruginous shale along the line of
fracture. At this locality the clays are not only disturbed as a whole and more or
less tilted, but they are also locally disturbed by landslips, the effects of which may
be seen in the changes which take place from year to year on the face and at the
base of the bluff. Next to the Gay Head exposure this is the locality which has
yielded the greatest number of fossil plants. They occur in the layer of shale above
mentioned, and also in the fragments which have been eroded from the exposure
and scattered along the beach.
At Sea Cliff, near Mott Point on Manhassett Neck, and at Elm Point on Great
Neck, clays are exposed, but no fossil leaves have been found in them. At the
locality first mentioned the matrix in which the leaf impressions occur is exactly
28 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
similar to the Glen Cove shale, but its outcrop has not been located. The material
is abundantly represented in the morainal deposits of the vicinity, and practically
the same conditions prevail at the other two localities. In no instance can even
the clay exposures be definitely identified as outcrops, but ihej apparently are
isolated masses which have been torn from the underlj-ing beds and deposited as
great clay bowlders in the moraine. The differences between these large masses
and smaller ones, and between the fragments that are partly and those that are
wholly oxidized, are differences in degree only, and all are clearly the result of
glacial erosion and transportation.
On Staten Island the clays at Kreischerville and Green Ridge contain quan-
tities of lignite and numerous leaf beds. At the latter locality they are m place
and only the surface of the exposure has suffered any disturbance. At Kreischer-
ville the beds appear to have been redeposited to a considerable extent, as the plant
remains often occur in lenses or pockets and the accompanjdng sandy laj^ers are
conspicuously cross-bedded. Amber and charred wood, in considerable abund-
ance, are mixed with the vegetable debris at this locality, as recently described by
me Ln a paper on "The Occurrence and Origin of Amber in the Eastern United
States.""
At all the other Staten Island localities small masses of what are apparently
Cretaceous clays and sands occur in the moraine, but at these locahties the fossil
leaf impressions have been found only in the accompan>dng ferruginous shales and
concretions.
The former presence of not only the Cliilwood but also liigher formations,
throughout the insular area, is also proved by the occurrence of Cretaceous inverte-
brate fossils in the moraine on Staten Island, Long Island, and Block Island,* in
addition to the well-known occurrence of similar fossils, together with vertebrate
remains, in place, in the Gaj- Head section on Marthas Vineyard, and scattered
morainal material at Indian Hill and Chappaquiddick.*^ None of these fossils, how-
ever, has been found anj-where in any of the plant-bearing beds, so far as I am
aware, and they have therefore proved of no value as correlation factors in connec-
tion with these deposits. The point of greatest interest in connection with them
is probaljly the fact of their occurrence at Arrochar, on Staten Island, and at Brook-
lyn, on Long Island, indicating a former overlap of upper Cretaceous strata in that
vicinity, which must have extended tliroughout the area now occupied by New
York Harbor, the East River, and probably a part of the Hudson River Valley,
but was later entirely eroded.
CORRELATION OF THE INSULAR AND ALLIED FORMATIONS.
The stratigraphic position of the formations discussed in connection with tliis
monograph may be understood by reference to the following table, in which are
set forth the views of a number of recent authorities :
a Am. Naturalist, vol. 39, 1905, pp. 137-145.
tHollick, A., Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol II, 1S92, p. 98; ibid., vol. 15, 1895, pp. 3-5: ibid., vol. 16, 1S96, pp. 11 and 16.
cLyell, Travels in North America, vol. 1, 1845, pp. 203-206; Stimpson, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 29, 1860, p. 14.5; Shalcr, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 16, 1889, pp. 89-97; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1893, p. 16; Bull. New York
Bot. Card., vol. 2, 1902, pp. 400-401; Woodworth, Bull. Geol. Soo. Am., vol. 11, 1900, pp. 459-460; Brown, Am. Jour. Sci., vol.
20, 1905, pp. 229-238.
CORRELATION OF INSULAR AND ALLIED FORMATIONS. 29
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30 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
From an analysis of the above, table it may be seen that so far as the insular
plant-bearing formations are concerned they occupy a position which is included in
the plastic clays and clay marls of White, the Raritan and Cliffwood formations of
Gkrk, and the Newer (upper) Potomac of Ward. A slight difference of opinion
msij be noted in regard to the exact geologic age to which these formations are
referred, but there is a general agreement in regarding the Raritan and Cliffwood
beds, respectively, as the summit of the Lower Cretaceous and the base of the Upper
Cretaceous, and this accords with the paleobotanical evidence, as indicated in the
last column of the table, and as will be more fully set forth in the botanical discus-
sion. It may also be pertinent to remark in tlus connection that this evidence has
not hitherto been adequately presented, and that possibly some slight modification
of the views of the authors quoted might have resulted if all the facts now in our
possession had been known to them.
In New Jersey successively liigher horizons in the Raritan formation are repre-
sented by the plant-bearing deposits at Woodbridge, Sayreville, South Amboj^, and
Morgans, all of wluch places are on or near the coast. The Cliffwood formation,
with possibly a part of the Matawan, is exposed in the bluff at Cliffwood. The
plant-bearing deposits on the islands, whose flora is described in tMs work, have
varying Umits at different locahties, including the Cliffwood formation and possibly
higher horizons with varying amounts of the Raritan. The apparent relationships of
the beds at the different locahties are approximately shown in the following diagram :
Approximate relationships of beds ai the different localities.
New Jersey localities.
Island localities.
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?
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The " ?" between Chffwood and Morgans indicates a possibly intermediate bed
whose flora has not yet been critical^ studied, and the upper " ?" indicates that
some of the plant-bearing beds in the bluff' at Cliffwood may he above the formation
of that name.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES.
PTERIDOPHYTA.
Order FILICALES.
Family GLEICHENIACE^.
Gleichenia gracilis Heer?
PI. I, fig. 9.
Gleichenia gracilis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 52, pi. 10, figs. 1-5, 6a-ll ; pi. 26, figs.
13b, 13c, 13d: " Gleichenia gracilis Ileer (?)," HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 57,
pi. 3, fig. 3. ' ■
TMs specimen is too imperfect for satisfactory comparison with any descriptions
or figures, and it is too fragmentary to serve as the basis for a description of a new
species. It is possible that it may represent a larger, lower portion of a frond of
Gleichenia gracilis than is depicted in any of Heer's figures of that species (loc. cit.),
and it may also be compared with 6^. acutiloba Heer", from which species also it
seems to differ mostly in the smaller size of its pinnules.
Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gleichenia PEOxoGiEA Debey and Ettingshausen ?
PI. I, fig. 8.
Gleichenia protogasa Deb. and Etts., Denkschr. Wien Akad. Wissensch., MaA.-jSaturwiss CI., vol. 17 (Urwelt.
Acrobryen Kreidegebirg. Aachen und Maestricht), 1859, p. 191, pi. 1, figs. 11, 12, g, h.
This fragment, although too small for satisfactory identification or comparison,
is certainly referable either to this or to one of the closely allied species of GleicJienia
from the Cretaceous of Greenland, Switzerland, and Europe.''
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Arthur HolUck. Spec-
imen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Family CYATHEACE^.
♦ Thtrsopteeis grevillioides (Heer) n. comb.
Fl. I, figs. 10-13.
Sphenopteris (p-eviUioides Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreidc-Fl.), 1874, p. 34, pi. 11, figs. 10, 11; White, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 97, pi. 2, fig. 1 ; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13.
GreviUea fenera Yelenovsky, Fl. Bohm. Kreideforra., pt. 4, 1885, p. 11 [72], pi. 7 [30], figs. 9, 14, 16.
oNeue Denksch. Schw. GeseUsch., vol. 24 (Fl. Quedlinburg) , 1872, p. 5, pi. 1, flgs. 2, 2b; Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.),
p. 97, pi. 26, flgs. 14, 14b.
bG.comptonisfoUa (Deb. and Etts.) Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. .3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 49, pi. 11, flgs. 1, 2 (=DidymosOTUS
comptoniifolius Deb. and Etts., Denkschr. Wien Akad., etc., vol. 17, 1859, p. 186, pi. 1, flgs. 1-5).
G. delicatula Heer, ibid., p. 54, pi. 9, flgs. lie, llf ; pi. 10, flgs. 16, 17.
G. Naucihoffl Heer, ibid., p. 90, pi. 25, flg. 4.
32 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
These remains are undoubtedly identical with those described hj Heer from
the Cretaceous of Greenland and b_y Velenovsky from the Cretaceous of Bohemia.
That they belong with the ferns can hardly be questioned, and I have referred them
with but little hesitation to the more modern genus Thyrsopteris rather than to the
Paleozoic genus SpJienopteris, which latter is, in part at least, now included in the
order Cycadofilicales.
The possibility of relationship between these fragments of sterile fronds and the
fertile fronds next described under the name Onoclea inquirenda (Hollick) might per-
haps be suggested, but so far as the facts now in our possession are concerned any
discussion of such possible relationship would be of but httle value. It may, how-
ever, be pertinent to recall that several species of fertile fronds, similar in appearance
to those of Onoclea, have been included b}^ Heer in the genus Thyrsopteris, refer-
ences to which may be found under the discussion of Onoclea inquirenda in this
monograph.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Specimens
in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Family P0LYP0DIACE.5;.
Onoclea inquirenda (Hollick) n. comb.
PI. I, figs. 1-7.
CavJinites vnquirendus Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 406, pi. 70, fig. 3.
"Fruit, composed of round carpels or spores," Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 11.
Remains consisting of a simple straight stem (rachis?), with pinnately arranged branchlets (pinnse?)
about 1-2 centimeters in length, bearing on each side a single row of spheroidal capsules (sori?) 1-1.5 millimeters
in diameter.
The above amended description is given for the reason that the original descrip-
tion was inadequate, having been based upon very fragmentary and incomplete
material. The figure which accompanied this description is reproduced on PI. I,
fig. .5. It apparently represents dismembered parts of an immature specimen. It
was included by me in the monocotyledonous genus Caulinites on account of its
similarity in appearance to the figures of C. fecundus Lesq.," although its probable
relationsliip with the ferns was recognized, and the reference of C. fecundus to the
genus Onoclea, by Knowlton,'' was mentioned.
With the aid of the additional material now in our possession we are enabled to
form a better idea of the general appearance of the organism and ra&j consider it
and other similar remains as apparentlj^ representing the fertile fronds of ferns, and
the question of botanical relationsliip is thus reduced to that of the fern genus
which they most nearly resemble.
Some of the smaller detached portions of our specimens resemble Osmunda
petiolata Heer'' and 0. Ohergiana Heer,<^ from the Cretaceous of Greenland, and com-
o Tertiary Flora, pi. 14, figs. 1-3.
i Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 152, p. 153.
c Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. .3 (Kreide-Fl.), p. 57, pi. 3, fig8. 2c, 2d.
dlbid., p. 98, pi. 26, fig. 9d.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 33
parisons may also be made with TTiyrso'pteris Murrayana (Brongt.) Heer,° T. Maa-
Tciana Heer,* T. gracilis Heer '^ and Diclcsonia clavipes ■ Hear,'* from the Jurassic of
Siberia.
Comparisons with living species of the above genera, and with others having
similar characters, indicate that our fossils most nearly resemble Onoclea, and this
resemblance would seem to justify their reference to the genus, even though we
have thus far failed to find any associated sterile fronds which could properly be
included in it.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. I, figs. 1-4. Figs. 1-3 collected by David
White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Fig. 4 collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Little Neck, Northport Harbor, Long Island, PI. I, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head,' Marthas Vineyard, PI. I, fig. 6. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PI. I, fig. 7. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Order SALVINIALES.
Family MAKSILEACE^.
Maesilea Andeesoni Hollick.
PI. I, figs. 14-18.
Marsilea Andersoni Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 409, pi. 71, figs. 1-3.
The figures of the specimens upon which the original description of this species
was based are reproduced on PI. I, figs. 14—16, and figures of leaves of the hving
Mexican species, M. Holtingiana Schaff., introduced for comparison, are shown in
figs. 19-21. It may be objected that the fossil specimens appear to be simple pel-
tate rather than compound leaves, but it is probable that the pressure to which they
were subjected in the process of fossilization resulted in the obhteration of the lines'
of demarcation between the leaflets, and this probability is strongly emphasized by
the appearance of the flattened herbarium specimens, in which the borders of the
overlapping leaflets are often difficult to distinguish from the nervation without the
aid of a magnifying glass.
Figs. 17 and 18 represent poorly preserved specimens, which might not have
received any attention except for the comparison made possible by the better
preserved ones first discovered.
Fragmentary remains, apparently of similar appearance to ours, have been
described and figured by several authors as ferns or gymnosperms, under various
generic names, and one which perhaps merits critical consideration in this comiection
oFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 4 (Jura-FL), p. 30, gl. 1, flgs. 4b, 4c; pi. 2, figs. 1, 4, 4b; pi. 8, fig. lib.
6 Ibid., p. 31, pi. 1, fig. lb; pi. 2, figs. 5, 5b.
clbid., p. 32, pi. 1, fig. S.
« Ibid., p. 33, pi. 2, figs. 7, 7b.
MON L — 06 3
34 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
is Cydopteris tenue-striata Heer" from the Cretaceous of Portugal, which may be more
or less satisfactorily compared with our fig. 1.5. This species was subsequently
referred by the same author to the genus Ginkgo and was included, with somewhat
similar remains from the Cretaceous of Greenland, under the name G. tenuestriaia
Heer,'' but their relationship is not very apparent, and while our species might be
regarded as generically related to the former, it could hardly be so considered in con-
nection with the latter. In any event the genus Marsilea would seem to be the one
which possesses external leaf characters most nearly like those of the fossils.
Another organism to wliich attention may be called on account of its general super-
ficial resemblance to those just mentioned is Sphenoglossum^ quadrifolium Emmons,''
from the Triassic of North Carolina, a plant of uncertain botanical relationship which
Fontaine subsequently suggested renaming Actinopteris quadrifoliata,'^ regarding it
as probably a fernand comparing itwith A. peltata (Gopp.) Schenk.^ Ward also refers
to this speciesundertheheading" Plants of doubtful affinity" in his first paper on the
"Status of the Mesozoic Floras of the United States,"-'' and the figure which accom-
panies his discussion is decidedly suggestive. It is unfortunate, however, that in no
instance is the nervation any more clearly defined, either in the description or in the
figure, than it is in ours.
Locality: Manhassett Neck, Long Island, PL I, figs. 14-16. Collected by A. E.
Anderson, for whom the species is named. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. I, figs. 17, 18. Collected by David White.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Sagenopteeis variabilis (Velenovsky) Venenovsky?
PI. I, fig. 22.
Sagenopteris variabilis (Vel.) Vel., Abh. K. Bohm. Gesellsch. Wissensch. , vol. 3 (Kvet. Cesk. Cenomanu), 1889,
p. 40.
TMnnfddia variabilis Vel., Gynmosp. Bohm. Kreideform., 1885, p. 6, pi. 2, figs. 1-.5; pi. .3, fig. 12: HoUick,
Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 403, pi. 41, fig. 12.
Not T. variabilis Fontaine, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 15 (Potomac or younger Mesozoic Fl.), 1889, p. 110,
pi. 17, figs. 3-7; pi. 18, figs. 1-6.
It is possible that this specimen should be referred to Marsilea Andersoni HolHck,
the species last described, but as the nervation characters of the latter are not well
defined, I have thought it advisable, pending the possible discovery of better
preserved specimens, to regard them merely as closely related.
Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Arthur HoUick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
a Cont. Fl. Foss. Portugal, 1881, p. 45, pi. 19, fig. 5.
!> Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 18S2, p. 14, pi. 2, flg. 12a.
c Geol. Kept. Midland Counties North Carolina, 1856. p. 335, pi. 1, flg. 2.
dMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. C (Cont. Older Mesozoic Fl. Virginia). 1883, p. 121, pi. 52, fig. 3.
e Foss. Fl. Grenzsch. Keupers u. Lias Frankens, 1807, p. 23, pi. 6. figs. 3-5.
/Twentieth Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1898-99, pt. 2, 1900, p. 310, pi. 47, fig. 2.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 35
SPERIMATOPHYTA.
Class GYMNOSPERM^^.
Order CYCADALES.
Family CYCADACEyE.
PoDOZAMiTES LANCEOLATUS (Lindley and Hutton) Schimper.
PI. II, fig. 1.
Podozamites lanceolaius (Lind. and Hutt.) Sohimp., Paleont. Veg., vol. 2, 1870, p. 160.
Zamia lanceolata Lindl. and Hutt., Foss. FI. Great Britain, vol. 3. 1837, pi. 194.
Podozamites angustifolius (Eichwald) Schimper. Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays) ,
1895 (1896), p. 44, pi. 13, fig. 2; HoUick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 71, fig. 8.
This specimen, the only perfect cycad leaf thus far found within the area covered
by this work, is apparently identical with the specimen from Woodbridge, N. J.,
described and figured by Newberry as P. angustifolius (loc. cit.), to which species I
also formerly considered our specimen to belong. A more careful comparison, how-
ever, has led me to believe that these determinations were erroneous, especially after
comparison with Velenovsky's figures of P. lanceolatus from the Cretaceous of
Bohemia," and Heer's from the Jurassic of Siberia.* This would impty a consider-
able vertical range for the species, but no greater than is known in some other per-
sistent specific types, and in this connection it is of interest to record that in Alaska
there has been found a fossil flora in which apparently Jurassic species of cycads are
associated with undoubted Cretaceous angiosperms.'^
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Podozamites sp.
PI. VI, figs. 1-3.
Podozamites sp., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 62, pi. 180, fig. 4; Bull. New York Bot. Gard,
vol. 2, 1902, p. 401, pi. 41, figs. 8, 9.
These, and a few other similar fragmentary remains, which probably repre-
sent leaves of cycads, are not very abundant in our collections, although several
species have been recorded from the clays and clay marls of New Jersey, by New-
berry"* and by Berry," to some one or another of which ours might be referred.
Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VI, figs. 1, 3. Collected
by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VI, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men ia Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
oGymnosp. Bohm. Kreideform., pi. 2, flgs. 11-19, 24 in part.
!« Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 5 (Nachtr. .Jura-Fl. Irkutsk), 1878, pi. 5, flgs. 1-10.
c Manuscript rept. by Dr. F. H. Knowltou, U. S. Geol. Survey, on specimens collected by A. J. Collier in 1902. TMs asso-
ciation of floras was subsequently verifled by means ol specimens personally collected in 1903 at Collier's locality on Yukon
River. ^
i Podozamites angustifolius (Eichw.) Schimp., P. acuminatus Hollick, and P. marginatus Heer. Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey,
vol. 26. 1895 (1896) (Fl. Amboy Clays), pp. 44, 4.5, pi. 13, flgs. 1-7.
'Podozamites marginatus Heer. BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 99, pi. 46, figs. 1-3.
36 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Order CONIFERALES.
Family GINGKOACE^.
CzEKANOwsKiA DicHOTOMA (Heer) Heer?
PI. V, fig. 7.
Czekanowskia dichotoma Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 18S2, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 12b, 12c : pi. 3, fig. 1.
SderophylUna dichotoma Heer, ibid., vol. 1, 186S, p. 82, pi. 44, fig. 5; vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 59, pi. 17,
figs. 10, 11, lib; pi. 20, fig. 6d; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 404, pi. 41, fig. 10.
This specimen is too fragmentary for other than a provisional identification,
but it resembles some of the dismembered specimens depicted by Heer, especially
those in his figs. 10 and 11, pi. 17 (loc. cit.).
Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Baiera geandis Heer?
PI. II, figs. 44-46.
Bawra grandis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 4.
The specimens from which these figures were drawn were selected from among a
number of others, all of them either fragmentarj^ or else ill defined. Fig. 44 represents
a distorted specimen, in which part of the margm is bent underneath. It is there-
fore of little value for comparison; but figs. 45 and 46 agree quite well with Heer's
figure above quoted. Whatever genus or species may be represented bj" these
remains it was evidently a more or less common element in the Cretaceous flora of
this region.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Peotophyllocladus subintegeifolius (Lesquereux) Berry.
I
PI. V, figs. 1-6.
ProtophyUodadus sulintegrifdlius (Lesq.) Berry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 30, 1903, p. 440; ibid., vol. 31,
1904, p. 69, pi. l,fig. 5.
PhyUodadus suhintegiifolius Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 92.
TUnnfddia Lesquereuxiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 37, pi. 44, figs. 9, 10; pi. 46, figs.
l-12b; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 98, pi. 3, fig. 6; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7,
189.5, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. .58, pi. 3, figs. 4, 5; ibid., p. 419, pi. 36, fig. 6;
Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 59, pi. 11, figs. 1-17.
Thinnfddia snhintegrifolia (Lesq.) Knowlton, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 152, 1898, p. 228; Hollick, Bull.
New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 403, pi. 41, figs. 13, 14.
This species was evidently an important element in the Cretaceous flora of
North America. It is represented in the collections of Heer from Greenland and
of Lesquereux and others from the western United States. It has been found in
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 37
the clay marls of New Jersey; it is one of the most abundant species in clays of that
State, and a number of specimens have been collected on Staten Island, Block
Island, and Marthas Vineyard.
Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. V, figs. 1, 2. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. V, figs. 3, 4. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. V, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Princess Bay, Staten Island, PL V; fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Ai-ts and Sci.
Family PINACE^.
Dammara boeealis Heer.
PI. II, figs. y-U in part, 12-26 in part', 27a.
Dammara horealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 54, pi. 37, fig. 5; Hollick, Trans. New York
Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 1, fig. 17; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 402, pi. 41, fig.
6; Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey,
vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 46, pi. 10, fig. 8.
"Seed vessels of coniferous plants," Hitchcock, Final Rept. Geol. Massachusetts, 1841, p. 430, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5.
Dammara microlepis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 55, pi. 40, fig. 5; Hollick, Bull. New
York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 71, figs. 9, 10.
Eucalyptus GeiniizilieeT, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, (abth. 2), 1882, p. 93, pi. 45, figs. 4-9; pi. 46, fig. 12d; White,
Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10.
Dammara Cliffwoodensis Hollick [?], Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Ga,rd., vol. 3, 1903, p. 61, pi. 48, figs. 8-11;
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 69, pi. 1, fig. 11.
These scale-like organisms, which are among the most abundant and charac-
teristic remains found in the Cretaceous deposits of America and Europe, are referred
to the genus Dammara for the sake of convenience rather than from a con-
viction that this represents their true generic relationship, and this uncertainty
has, if anything, been increased rather than diminished by the large amount of
material which has recently been brought to light, but there seems to be but little
question that all the specimens are coniferous, including those which Heer regarded
as the fruit of Eucalyptus Oeinitzi (loc. cit.). Heer recognized three species of
Dammara from Greenland {D. macrosperma, D. horealis, and D. microlepis), but
I have found it impossible to draw any line of specific distinction in the series of
similar specimens represented by our figures. Intermediate forms between the
larger ones, shown in figs. 2-6, which are apparently identical with D. horealis
(loc. cit.) and the smaller ones shown in figs. 23-27a, which I can not distinguish
from D. microlepis (loc. cit.), might be equally well referred to either species, as
may be seen by comparing these with figs. 7-22, and hence I have included all
under one specific name.
The first discovery of these organisms was apparently made on Marthas Vineyard
and is to be credited to Edward Hitchcock, by whom they were described and fig-
ured, but not named. These figures are reproduced on PI. II, figs. 12, 21, from his
38 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Final Report of the Geology of Massachusetts, vol. 2, 1841, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5, and it is
interesting to recall that he recognized their probable coniferous relationships in the
followTiig words (loc. cit., p. 430):
Figs. 4 and .5 represent diflferent individuals of another variety of vegetable remains. * * * These are
not mere impressions : but a scale of carbonaceous matter, rmxed with amber, marks the spot where the vege-
table was imprisoned. The amber occupies longitudinal ridges, which in the plate are represented by white
stripes. It seems to me very obvious that these remains must be the seed vessels of coniferous plants. The
amber shows that they abounded in resin. * * *
David White was the next tc describe and figure specimens fi'om the same locahty,
in the American Journal of Science, vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10, which he
referred to Eucalyptus Geiniizi Heer, remarking that the longitudinal furrows filled
with resin "doubtless are the remains of gum or oil vessels, such as exist in the nuts
of recent Eucah-pts." His figures are reproduced on PI. II, figs. 6, 15. A number
of similar specimens were previously described and figured by Velenovsky, from the
Cretaceous of Bohemia, as the fruit of Eucalyptus Geinitzi," all more or less closely
associated with leaves of that species, although subsequently the same author
referred what are apparently specimens of the same to Dammara lorealis Heer." Heer
was liimself also apparently in doubt on the subject of their generic relationship, inas-
much as he says, in regard to Dammara microlepis (loc. cit., p. 55), that it "has a
resemblance to the flower buds of Eucalyptus Geinitzi."
Newberry, in discussing the probable botanical relationsliip of specimens from the
Cretaceous of New Jersey, on pp. 46, 47 of the Flora of the Amboy Clays (loc. cit.),
says:
In his Flora FossUis Arctica (loc. cit.) Professor Heer describes and figures the scales of a cone of a conifer
which very much resemble those of Dammara ausiralis, and yet there are some reasons for doubting the accu-
racy of his reference. It may also be said that the fruit scales which he calls Eucahjptus Oeinitzi * * * are
without doubt genericaUy the same. * * * The considerations which have led me to doubt whether these
cone scales are those of Dammara are that we have found no Dammara-Vike leaves associated with them,
whereas in one locality in New Jersey they occur in great numbers mingled with and apparently attached to the
branchlets of an e.xtremelj- delicate conifer much like Heer's Jiiniperus macilenta. * * * Another reason
for doubting whether these are the scales of a species of Dammara is that in some of them traces of two seeds
are apparently visible, while in Dammara there is but one seed under each scale.
The association of cone scales and branchlets above mentioned was not figured,
but specimens were recentty found in a collection fi'om Woodbridge, N. J., with
labels in Doctor Newberry's handwriting, in which the association is well shown, and
the probable identity of the branchlets with a species of Juniperus, probably J.
liypnoidesHe&v, is strongly indicated,'^ although any former actual hving connection
between them can not be determined.
Another instance of close association of sinular scales with angiospermous leaves
is described and figured by F. Krasser, under Eucalyptus Geinitzi, from the Creta-
ceous of Moravia,** but the proof of any actual comiection between them is appar-
ently no more satisfactory^ than in the other mstance noted, or than is indicated on
our PI. II, fig. 11, where a scale of Dammara is shown superimposed on a fragment of
Poacites.
a Fl. Bohm. Krcidcform., pt. 4, 1885, p. 1 (62), pi. 1 (24), figs. 1, 2; pi. 2 (2.5), figs. 6-11; pi. 4 (27). flg. 13 in part.
t Al)h. K. 13olim. Ocscllsch. Wis.s., vol. 3 (Kvet. Cfsk. Ccnomanu). 1SS9. p. 7, pi. 1, flgs. 28, 29.
cSee PI. II, figs. 20 in part, 27b, 28.
dBcitr. Pal. Ocstr.-Ung., vol. 10, pt.3 (Kreidell. Kunstuilt), 1896 , p. 134 (22), pi. 16 (6), figs. 3, 6.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 39
In view, therefore, of these conflicting facts and opinions, I have thought it advis-
able, until more definite evidence may be available, to include all of these scale-like
organisms under one generic name and to regard them, at least tentatively, as belong-
ing with the Coniferales. In this connection I have introduced, for comparison, the
type figures of Dammara (?) cUffiooodensis Hollick," which, together with the sjDeci-
mens recognized under D. iorealis Heer and the two species next described, give a
complete representation of these organisms thus far fpund in our vicinity. The
specimens identified as D. diffwoodensis by Berry* I am inclined to consider as
more properly referable to the smaller forms of D. borealis.
Fmally may be noted the scales described and figured by Knowlton from the
Judith River beds of Montana, under the name Dammara acicularis," which differ
from most of our specimens merely in the possession of a relatively long awn at the
apex. This feature, however, is not altogether wantmg m some of ours, as may be
seen in PI. II, fig. 27a, and it is possible that it may have been present in the others
but was not preserved, and as a matter of fact it is not indicated in Knowlton's fig. 3,
which, if taken by itself, would unquestionably be regarded as a small specimen of
D. iorealis.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, figs. 2-11 in part, 12, 15-22 (figs.
2-11 in part, 15-20, 22 collected by David Wliite, specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.;
figs. 12, 21 collected by Edward Hitchcock).
Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, fig. 13. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen m Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. II, fig. 14. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. II, figs. 23, 24. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Woodbridge, N. J., PI. II, figs. 25, 26 in part, 27a. Specimens in Mus. New
York Bot. Gard.
Dammara northpoetensis Hollick.
PI. II, figs. 33, 34.
Dammara Northportensis Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 405, pi. 70, figs. 1, 2.
This species, at the time it was originally described, was thought to be peculiar
to the clays at Northport, Long Island, where it was first found, but recently speci-
mens have been identified from the Cretaceous clays of New Jersey, and what
may be the same species from those of Kreischerville, Staten Island, where it is
quite abundant. These latter discoveries, however, were made too late for detailed
investigation and inclusion in this work. The only other coniferous remains found
associated with them at Northport are leafy branches of Brachyphyllum macrocar-
pu-m Newb., but at the other localities mentioned a number of other coniferous
genera also occur.
Locality : Little Neck, Northport Harbor, Long Island. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
a Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 128, pi. 11, figs. 5-8 (see PI. II, flgs. 29-33).
t Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 61, pi. 48, flgs. 8-11.
cBuU. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 257, 1905, p. 134, pi. 15, figs. 2-5.
40 FLOKA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Dammara minor n. sp.
PI. II, figs. 35-37.
Dammara microlepis Heer? HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 57, pi. 3, figs. 9a, 9b.
ScaTes top-shaped to rounded kite-shaped, about 5-8 millimeters wide above by 4-5 millimeters long; resin
ducts relatively large.
At the time the first of these specimens were found, on Block Island, they were
provisionally referred to Dammara microlepis Heer, with the following note (loc. cit.,
p. 57) :
The specimens figured on our plate are undoubtedly referable to the organisms which have been called
Dammara and Eucalyptus, from the Cretaceous of America and the Old World. The ones under consideration
are, however, smaller than any which have' been previously figured, and might perhaps be referred to a new
species ; but, in view of the limited amount of material and its fragmentary condition, I have thought it best to
refer the specimens provisionally to Heer's species.
Since then further material has been discovered m the Cretaceous clays at
Kreischerville, Staten Island, and I am now satisfied that the specimens should be
given a distinct specific rank. They are much smaller than any previously described,
with shorter limbs, and they contain a relatively greater amount of resin. They are
quite plentiful m the amber bed at Kreischerville, recently described by me."
Locality: Balls Point, Block Island, PI. II, figs. 35, 36. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. II, fig. 37. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
PiNUS sp.
PI. II, figs. 39, 47, 48.
"Pinvs, sp.?" Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 1, figs. 13, 20, 22: Newberry
Men. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. AmboyClays), 1895 (1896), p. 47, pi. 9, figs. 5, 6.
Cones, more or less fragmentary, detached scales, and leaves, almost certainly
belonging to pine trees, are abundantly represented in the Cretaceous deposits of this
vicinity, especially in the clays at Kreischerville, Staten Island, but in no instance
have they been found sufficiently well preserved for satisfactory identification with
any described species. The fascicles of leaves appear to be in threes and the cones
to be of medium size.
Similar remains from the Cretaceous of New Jersey are described by Newberry
(loc. cit.), and he also describes and figures the leaves as occurring in tliree-leaved
fascicles, but says: "No cones have been found with them wliich could certainly
be attributed to the genus Pinus, but some wliich are considerably macerated and
decayed * * * may perhaps have been pine cones * * * ."
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, figs. 39, 48. Collected by
David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. II, fig. 47. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
o Am. Naturalist, vp'. 03, 1905, pp. 137-14S. pis. 1-3.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 41
CuNNiNGHAMiTES ELEGANS (Corda) EndUcher.
PI. Ill, fig. 1.
Cwnninghamites degans (Corda) Endl., Sjmop. Conif., 1847, p. 270; Newbeny, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26
(Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 48, pi. 5, figs. 1-7; Holliok, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897,
p. 129, pi. 11, fig. 2; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 402, pi. 41, fig. 11 ; Berry, Bull. New York
Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 64 ( «) ; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 70, pi. 3, figs. 7-9, 11.
OunningJmmia degans Corda, in Reuss, V^^stei^. Bohm. Kreideform. (abth. 2), 1846, p. 93, pi. 49, figs. 29-31.
Tlie single specimen of this well-defined species here figured is the only one thus
far found within the insular area, although it is not rare in both the Raritan and
Cliff wood formations in New Jersey. It occurs in the upper Cretaceous of Europe, in
the Patoot beds of Greenland, and has recently been identified from the Judith River
beds of Montana," but, so far as I am aware, has never been recorded fi'om any
typical Dakota group locaUty. We have generally regarded it as one of the charac-
teristic eastern Cretaceous speci§s which served to indicate the closer relationship
with the Cretaceous of Greenland and Europe than with that of the western United
States, but this view, in the light of the above-mentioned discovery, must now be
somewhat modified.
Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Sequoia heteeophtlla Velenovsky.
PL III, figs. 2, 3.
Seguma7ieterophyUaYe\.,GymRosp. Bohm. Kreideform, 1885, p. 22, pi. 12, fig. 12; pi. 13, figs. 2-4, 6-9; Hollick,
Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 21; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26
(Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 49, pi. 6, figs. 1-13.
Fragmentary remains of this species occur in the clays at KJreischerviUe, Staten
Island, but thus far they have not been found elsewhere within the area covered by
this monograph, although the species is abundantly represented in the Amboy clays
of New Jersey, and is reported from the Potomac of Virginia and the Judith River
beds of Montana. It is a characteristic element in the Cretaceous of Europe, and
it is somewhat remarkable that it has not been recorded from any of the Greenland
horizons.
Locality: Ki-eischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Fig. 2,
specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.; fig. 3, specimen in Mus. Staten Island
Assn. Arts and Sci.
Sequoia ambigua Heer.
PI. Ill, figs. 7, 8.
Sequoia amhigua Heer, Fl.Foss.Arct., vol. 3 (abth. 2), 1874, p. 78, pi. 21, figs. 1, 2a-9a, 10a, 10c, 1 1 ; White, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 97, pi. 2, figs. 2, 3; Uhler, Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., vol, 1, 1892 (1901), p. 207;
Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13.
The recorded occurrence of this species within the insular area is thus far con-
fined to the Gay Head locaUty, and it has not as yet been reported from any of the
aKnowlton, F. H., Fossil plants of the Judith Eiver beds: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 257, 1905, p. 135, pi. 15, fig. 1.
42 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
New Jersey horizons. The relatively broad and blunt leaves serve to distinguish
it however, from the other species of Sequoia with which it is associated and
leave but Httle doubt in regard to its identity with the Greenland (Kome) speci-
mens figured by Heer (loc. cit.) . Our specimens indeed appear to resemble the latter
much more closely than do those referred to this species by Fontaine, fi-om the
lower Cretaceous of Virginia." As it has not been identified in any deposits of the
Old World Cretaceous, we may perhaps regard it as a Greenland-eastern North
America species.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Sequoia Reichenbachi (Geinitz) Heer.
PL II, fig. 40; PI. Ill, figs. 4, 5.
Sequoia Reichenbaehi (Gein.) Heer, Fl. Foss.Arct., vol. 1, 1868, p. 83, pi. 43, figs. Id., 2b, 5a, 5d,5dd, 8, 8b;
Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 49, pi. 9, fig. 19; Hoi.
Uck, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 128, , pi. 12, figs. 3b, 5; Berrj-, Bull. New York Bot.
Card., vol. 3, 1903, p. 59, pi. 48, figs. 1.5-17, 18«, 20; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 69, pi.
4, fig. 8.
Araucarites BeichenbacU Gein., Charakter. Schichten u. Petref. Sachs.-Bohm. Kreidegeb., vol. 3, 1842, p. 98,
pi. 24, fig. 4.
Sequoia Couttsisn Hear. Holliek, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 5.
The cone here included (see PI. II, fig. 40) is somewhat larger than any speci-
men of the species which I have seen elsewhere depicted, and hence this reference
may be questioned, but in regard to the le&ij twigs there can hardly be any doubt
that they belong to the species as generally recognized. The genus Sequoia, how-
ever, needs careful revision, and if this is ever done it is probable that the number of
species will either be reduced or at least may undergo considerable rearrangement,
as may be seen merely by comparing certain figures of five Cretaceous species so
described or referred hj Heer and Lesquereux alone.'' If such a revision should
result in restricting or modifying the great horizontal and vertical range now neces-
sarily imphed in the recognition of the validity of some of these species, it would
obviate some of the suspicions which I beheve nearly all paleobotanists have enter-
tained in this connection. S. Reichenbaehi alone, as we now recognize it, has a geo-
graphical distribution which includes the United States, Canada, Greenland, and
Europe, and a range in time winch apparent^ includes the upper part of the Jurassic
and the whole of the Cretaceous period.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, fig. 40. Collected by David
White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. Ill, figs. 4, 5. Collected by Arthur Holliek.
Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 15 (Potomac Fl.), p. 245, pi. 118, flg. 2; pi. 120, flgs. 1-6; pi. 127, flg. 5; pi. 132, fig. 3.
bS. Reichenbaehi (Gein.) Heer, loc. cit. and ibid., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), pi. 12, fig. 7d; pi. 20, fig. 7a; pi. 22, flg. 5f; pi. 36,
flgs. 1-8.
5. sublata Heer, ibid., pi. 34, flg. la; ibid., vol. 6 (abth. 2), pi. 17, flg. 1.
S.fastigiala (Stemb.) Heer, ibid., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), pi. 27, flgs. 6, 6; pi. 38, flg. 13.
S. concinna Heer, ibid., vol. 7, pi. 51, fig. 9; pi. 53, flg. lb.
S. condila Lesq., Eighth Ann. Rept. V. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 1874 (1876), pi. 4, flg. 7.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 43
Sequoia fastigiata (Sternberg) Heer?
PL III, fig. 15.
Sequoia fastigiata (Sternb.) Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch., vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, p. 11, pi. 1,
figs. 10-13.
Caulerpites fastigiatus Sternb., Verst., vol. 2, 1833, p. 23.
This specimen agrees better with some of the later of Heer's figures" than it
does with his original reference (loc. cit.), but the group in which it may be
included — with S. gracilis Heer and S. concinna Heer — requires carefid revision and
rearrangement. For this reason, and also because of the fragmentary character of
our specimen and the fact that the species has heretofore been recorded from the
United States only in the Dakota group of Kansas, I have thought it best to ques-
tion the specific reference.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Sequoia gracilis Heer?
PI. Ill, fig. 14
Sequoia gracilis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1S74, p. 80, pi. 18, fig. Ic; pi. 22, figs. la-5e, 7-10.
This specimen is too imperfectly preserved for accurate comparison or positive
identification, and it might almost equally well be referred to certain forms of
S. concinna Heer,'' from memj of which it can hardly be distinguished.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Sequoia sp.
PI. Ill, fig. 6.
Sequoia sp., HolKck, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 72, fig. 2.
This specimen is manifestly too fragmentary for satisfactory specific identifica-
tion, and while it might be referred to some one or another of the species in the group
to which S. ReicJieniacM may be considered as belongmg, such reference could be
provisional only, and I have thought it as well to merely place it under its generic
name.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen m
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Cone of Sequoia concinna Heer.
PL II, fig. 41.
Sequoia concinna Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 13, pi. 49, figs. 8b, 8c; pi. 50, fig. lb; pi. 51, figs. 2-10;
pi. 52, figs. 1-3; pi. 53, fig. lb.
"Eucalyptus Geinitzi, flower?," White, Am. Jour. ScL, vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, fig. 11.
Our figure was drawn from the same specimen as that figured by White, above
quoted, which he referred provisionally to the fiower of Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer,
but in regard to which he remarks (loc. cit., p. 98) : "It may belong to a conifer."
a Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), pi. 3, fig. 7; ibid., vol. 7, pi. 51, flg. 12; pi. 53, figs. 3, 4.
t> Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, pi. 52, flgs. 2, 3.
44 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
That this latter suggestion is probably correct may be seen by comparing the figure
with Heer's fig. Sc, pi. 49 (loc. cit.).
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Cone of Sequoia sp.
PI. II, fig. 42.
This is apparently a water-worn inner portion of a Sequoia cone, such as is fre-
quently found in accumulations of vegetable debris which have been subjected to
attrition b}^ water transportation.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
BEACHTPHTi.LtrM MACKOCAEPUM Newbcrry.
PI. Ill, figs. 9, 10.
BrachyphyUum macrocarpum Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 51
(footnote), pi. 7, figs. 1-7; HoUick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 406, pi. 70, figs. 4, 5;
Beriy, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 32, 1905, p. 44, pi. 2, fig. 9.
Tliuites crassus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., 1883 (1884), p. 32.
BracTiyphyUum crassum Lesq., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 10, 1887, p. 34; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17
■ (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 5; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays),
1895 (1896), p. 51, pi. 7, figs. 1-7. Not B. crassum Tennison-Woods, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales,
vol. 7, 1883, p. 660.
This well-defiued species occurs in the clays at Northport, Long Island, Kreisch-
erville, Staten Island, South Amboy, N. J., and in the clay marl at Clifl^wood, N. J.
It is hardly to be distinguished from Ecliinostrohus squammosus Vel.," and may
prove to be identical with it.
Locality: Little Neck, Northport Harbor, Long Island. Collected b}' Arthur
Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
WiDDRiNGTONiTES Reichii ( Ettinghauseii) Heer.
PI. IV, figs. 6-S.
Widdrinfftordtes Reichii (Etts.) Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 51, pi. 28, fig. 5; Newberry, Mon
U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 57, pi. S, figs. 1-5.
Frenelites Reichii Etts., Kreidef. Niederschoena, 1867, p. 246, pi. 1, figs. lOa-lOc; Hollick, Trans. New York
Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 29, pi. 1, fig. 23; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13.
This species, originally described from the Cretaceous of Saxony, is very abun-
dant in the clays of New Jersey and at lireischerville, Staten Island, and it is also
represented ia the collections made on Marthas Vineyard. It is one of the species
which may be regarded as indicating the close equivalence of the Cretaceous of
eastern North America with that of Greenland and Europe, rather than with that
of the western United States, whence it has not as yet been recorded.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. IV, figs. 6, 7. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. TV, fig. 8. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
a Gymnosp. Bohm. Kreideform., p. 16, pi. 6, figs. 3. 6-S.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. - 45
WiDDEINGTONITES SXJBTILIS Heer.
PI. IV, figs. 2-5.
Widdnngtonites suUilis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 101, pi. 28, figs. 1-lc; HoUick, Bull.
Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895
(1896), p. 57, pi. 10, figs. 2-4.
WiMringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer? HoUick, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 58, pi. 3, fig. 8.
This species, unlike W. Reichii, appears to be restricted in its geographical distribu-
tion to Greenland and the eastern United States, although certain of the coniferous
remains from the Cretaceous of Bohemia, referred by Velenovsky to Cyparissidium
minimum Vel."^ and to Juniperus macilenta Heer,^ present a striking superficial
resemblance to it.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. IV, figs. 2-4. Collected by David
White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. IV, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
WiDDEINGTONITES FASCICULATUS U. Sp.
PI. IV, fig. 1.
Branches and branchlets thick and inflated, the latter terminating in relatively short fascicles of deli-
cate, minutely-leaved twigs.
Tliis specimen has somewhat the appearance of a certain form of W. suUilis
Heer,'' in regard to which he says (loc. cit., p. 101) :
In many specimens the twigs are more closely -grouped. * > * * They, and also the leaves, are strongly
appressed, on account of which the plant presents a different appearance. I at first took it to be a Trichomanes,
until a more exact investigation convinced me that it represented the closely fascicled twigs of W. suhtilis, on
which, with a magnifying glass, one could see the small appressed leaves.
Our specimen, however, appears to be so distinctive that it seems to be deserving
of a new specific name, under which, if thought advisable, Heer's figure above
referred to might be included.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David Wliite. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Frenelopsis Hoheneggeei (Ettingshausen) Schenk?
PI. IV, figs. 9, 10.
Frenelopsis HoJieneggeri (Etts.) Schenk, Palaeontog., vol. 19 (Heft. I), 1869, p. 13, pi. 4, figs. 5-7; pi. 5, figs.
1, 2; pi. 6, figs. 1-6; pi. 7, fig. 1; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895
(1896), p. 58, pi. 12, figs. 4, 5; Hollick, BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 72, fig. 1; Berry,
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 71, pi. 4, figs. 9, 10.
Thuites Hoheneggeri Etts., Abh. K.-K. Geol. Reichsanst., vol. 1 (abth. 3, no. 2), 1852, p. 26, pi. 1, figs. 6, 7.
These remains are so indefinite that I have merely referred them provisionally
to this species, and in this I have been largely influenced by the fact that similar
remains, found ia the clays and clay marls of New Jersey, have been so referred by
Newberry and Berry (loc. cit.)
aGymnosp. Bohm. Kreidetorm., p. 19, pi. 10, flg. 4.
6 Ibid., p. 29, pi. 11, figs. 3, 4, 6; pi. 12, flg. 1.
cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), pi. 28, flg. Ic.
46 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Locality: Center Island, Oyster Bay, Long Island, PI. IV, fig. 9. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. IV, fig. 10. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
MoRicoNiA CYCLOTOXON Dcbey and Ettingshausen.
PI. Ill, figs. 16, 17.
Moriconia cydotoxon Deb. and Etts., Denkschr. Wieu Akad., vol. 17, 1S59, p. 239, pi. 7, figs. 23-27; New-
berry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol, 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 55, pi. 10, figs. 11-21;
Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 57, pi. 3, fig. 10; ibid, p. 418, pi. 37, fig. 8;
Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. vol. 3, 1903, p. 65, pi. 43, fig. 4; pi. 48, figs. 1-4; BuU. Torrey Bot.
Club,'vol.31,1904, p. 70.
Tins well-marked species is not uncommon in the clays at Kreischerville and
sparingly elsewhere on Staten Island and on Block Island. In New Jersey, both in
the clays and in the clay marls, it is abundantly represented. In common with Wid-
dringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer, it may be regarded as one of the conifers peculiar
to the Cretaceous of eastern North America, Greenland, and Europe, as it has not
'yet been recorded fi'om any locality in the western United States.
Locality: Princess Bay, Staten Island, PI. Ill, fig. 16. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Black Eock Point, Block Island, PI. Ill, fig. 17. Collected by Arthur Hol-
hck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
CYPAEissmniM GRACiLE (Hcer) Heer?.
PI. Ill, fig. 11.
Gyparissidium gracUe (Heer) Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 74, pi. 17, figs. 5b, 5c; pi. 19,
figs. 1-10: pi. 20, figs. Id, le; pi. 21, figs. 9b, lOd.
Widdringtonites gracilis Heer, ibid., vol. 1, 1868, p. 83, pi. 43, figs, le, lee. If, Ig, 3c.
"Sequoia Beichenhachi Gein?" HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 18.
This is not a very satisfactory specimen upon which to base any conclusions,
and it seems wiser to merely refer it provisionally to this species without comment
or discussion.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Ai'thur Holhck. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Ai-ts and Sci.
JuNiPEEUS HTPNOiDES Heer.
PI. II, figs. 26 in part, 27b, 28; PI. Ill, figs. 12-13a.
Juniferus hypnoides Heer, Fl. 'Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 47, pi. 44, figs. 3, 4; pi. 46, fig. 18; Hol-
lick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 29, pi. 1, fig. 1; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p.
13; BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 403, pi. 41, figs. 7, 7a.
Junipe'rus macOenta Heer. Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 54,
pi. 10, fig. 7.
Eemains of tliis delicate httle conifer are abundant in the clays at Kreischer-
ville, Staten Island, and in those of New Jersey. It is possible that among these
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 47
more than one species may be represented, and Newberry has referred certain speci-
mens to J. macilenta Heer (loc. cit.), as may be found discussed in this monograph
under Dammara horealis Heer (see p. 38), but I have been unable to consider them
as distinct from J. Jiypnoides. In fact, I am inchned to think that these two species
of Juniperus may very well be joined together, as the specific distinctions between
them are more or less vague. The vertical range of both species is practically
identical, but macilenta only has been recognized in the Old World.
Locality: Woodbridge, N. J., PI. II, figs. 26 in part, 27b, 28. Specimens in Mus'
New York Bot. Gard.
Ki-eischerville, Staten Island, PL III, fig. 12. Collected by Mr. William T.
Davis. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Ai'ts and Sci.
Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. Ill, figs. 13, 13a. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Cone scale of a Conifer?
PL 11, fig. 38.
This little cone scale is well defined, and yet- it does not seem to be identifiable
with that of any described species, and apparently should not be included with any
of the cone scales described under the genus Dammara, but is somewhat suggestive
of that of certain cycads.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Class ANGIOSPERMvE.
Subclass MONOCOTYLEDON.^.
Order PANDANALES.
Family TYPHACEiE.
Typha sp.
PI. VI, figs. 4-6.
Typha? Hollick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1S94, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 9.
These fragments apparently represent remains similar to those which it has been
the custom of paleobotanists to refer to the genus Typha, mostly from Tertiary
horizons." Any attempt, however, either to describe or to identify our specimens
specifically does not seem to be advisable.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VI, figs. 4, 5. Collected by
David White. Specimens ia U. S. Nat. Mus.
Lloyd Neck, I^ong Island, PI. VI, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
1 Typha latissima Al. Br. Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 141, pi. 23, flgs. 4, 4a, etc.
48 FLOKA OF SOUTHEKN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Order GRAMINALES.
Family POACE.E.
POACITES Sp.
PI. II, fig. 11 in part; PI. VI, figs. 9-11.
PoacUes? Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, figs. 2, 12; BuU. New York Bot. Gard.,
vol. 3, 1904, p. 411, pi. 73, fig. 1.
The fragments of linear, finely parallel- veined leaves, represented in our fig-
ures, are referred to the genus Poacites for the reason that most authorities, in
describing similar remains from Cretaceous and Tertiary horizons, have included
them imder that generic name." Any attempt at specific identification, however,
would manifestly not be advisable.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, fig. H m part. Collected by
David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PL VI, figs. 9-1 L Collected by Arthur HoUick.
Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Family CTPEnACEM.
Cyperacites sp.
PI. \1, figs. 7, 8.
Cyperites ? Hollick, BuE. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 3.
These remains are apparently generically identical with numerous similar ones
which have been described as species of Cyperacites or Cyperites from both Cretaceous
and Tertiary horizons,^ but satisfactory specific identification of our specimens is
not possible.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Fig. 7 collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Fig. 8 collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus.
New York Bot. Gard.
Order LILIALES.
Family LILIACEiE.
Majanthemophyllum pusillum Heer.
PI. VI, fig. 12.
MajantJiemophyUum puMum Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 18, pi. 55, figs. 17, 17b; Hollick, Trans. New
York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 36, pi. 1, fig. 7.
This specimen is retained ia the systematic position in which it was originally
included, not because of any conviction that this is correct, but largely to avoid
change and possible confusion. It is apparently a fragmentary monocotyledonous
leaf, very similar to Heer's species.
Locality: Kreischervfile, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
aP. borealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), p. 86, pi. 24, fig. 5; P. mengeanus Heer, Mioc. Bait. Fl., p. 69,
pi. 15, figs. 2-11; P. arundinarius Etts., Foss. Fl. Bilin (pt. 1), p. 24, pi. 5, figs. 3-5, 16, etc.
i Cyperacites arclicus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Krcide-Fl.), p. 86, pi. 12, fig. 4b; C. hyperboreus Heer, ibid., pi. 24,
figs. 4, 4b; Cyperites deperditus Wat., Fl. Foss. Bass. Paris, p. 69, pi. IS, fig. 3; C borealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 1,
p, 96, pi. 45, figs. 3, 3b; C. Haydenii Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 140, pi. 23, figs. 1-3, etc.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 49
Subclass DICOTYLEDONS.
Series I. CHORIPETAL^^.
Order SALICALES.
Family SALICACEyE.
PoPTJLUS HARKERiANA Lesquereux.
PI. VII, fig. 31.
Popidus harkeriana Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 44, pi. 46, fig. 4; HoUick,
Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 419, pi. 36, fig. 8.
I was at first inclined to question the positive identification of this specimen, on
account of the uncertainty in regard to the character of the margin throughout.
The portion which is preserved, however, as well as the other features of form and
nervation, seems to leave but little doubt in regard to its identity.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
PoPULUS? APicuLATA Newbcrry.
PI. VII, figs. 28, 29.
Popidusf apicidata Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Sui-vey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 65, pi. 15, figs.
3, 4; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 3, fig. 2.
The identity of our fig. 28 with this species may be questioned, on account of its
fragmentary character, but fig. 29 presents all of the essential features of the species,
which heretofore was not definitely known to occur elsewhere than in the Cretaceous
of New Jersey.
Locality: Arrochar, Staten Island, PI. VII, fig. 28. Collected by Oilman S.
Stanton. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VII, fig. 29. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
PoPXJLUS STYGiA Hecr?
PI. VII, fig. 30.
Popidus stygia Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 107, pi. 29, fig. 10.
Tlois specimen, on account of its fragmentary character, must necessarily be
refeiTed with a query to Heer's species, although it matches it almost exactly. In
both figures only the base of the leaf is preserved, and it must be admitted that this
is indicative of a Liriodendron even more than it is of a Populus, and if it were not
for the apparent identity with Heer's figure I should be inclined to regard it as belong-
ing to the former genus and to compare it with L. oblongifolium Newb."
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Specimen
in U. S. Nat. Mus.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), pi. 52, flgs. 1-5.
MON L — 06 4
50 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Aments of popultjs sp.
PI. Vn, figs. 16-18.
"Ament * * * probably a ^oZkc or a PojwZms," Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi.
180, fig. 6.
These rather questionable remains were found at both Gay Head and Glen Cove,
and a few additional fragments are also included among the specimens not figured.
They apparently represent dismembered catkins or aments and maj" be compared
quite satisfactorily Avith those of Populus, although they have not been found closely
associated with any leaves of that genus.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VII, fig. 16. Collected by At-thur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VII, figs. 17, 18. Collected by David
White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Salix membranacea Newberry.
PI. VIII, figs. 10, 23.
SdLix membranacea Newb., Annals New York Lj'c. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 19; Mon. U. S. Geol. Sun-ey, vol.
35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 59, pi. 2, figs. 5-8a; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy
Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 66, pi. 29, Fig. 12.
Sd-a: Mattewanensis Beriy, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 68, pi. 51, fig. 5 (?).
Although these specimens differ considerably in size and also in shape, these
differences are no greater than are shown in Newberry's figures (loc. cit.) . Our fig. 10
is comparable wath Newberry's figs. 6 and 8 and out fig. 23 with. Newberry's figs. 5, 7.
I am inclined to think that two species may be represented by these two forms, but
as it was Newberry's evident intention to include them under the one species I have
done the same, although it is probable that our fig. 23 may ultimately be relegated
to S. mattewanensis Berry, loc. cit.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL VIII, fig. 10. Collected by David
White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. VIII, fig. 23. Collected by Ai'thur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Salix cuneata Newberry.
PI. VII, figs. 26, 27; PI. VIII, fig. 7.
Salix cuneata Newb., Annals New York Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 21; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 35
(Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 55, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2.
"SoLkc, sp.?" Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 16.
Myrica Imga Heer, Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 419, pi. 38, fig. 6.
It is with some hesitation that I have decided to group these three specimens
together under this species, as they present some slight differences in the angle of
nervation and in their basal outlines, but similar slight differences may also be seen
in the two specimens figured by Newberry. It may also be noted that our speci-
DESCKIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 51
mens, especially fig. 26, bear a strong resemblance to the leaves referred by Les-
quereux to Myrica longa Heer," with which species I was at first inclined to include
them.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. VII, fig. 26. Collected by Arthur
HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Arrochar, Staten Island, PL VII, fig. 27. Collected by Arthur HoUick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VIII, fig. 7. Collected by David White. Specimens
in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Salix Meekii Newberry.
PI. VIII, figs. Ic, S, 9.
Salix Meekii Newb., Annals New York Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 19; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 35
(Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 58, pi. 2, fig. 3; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 130,
pi. 13, figs. 3, 4; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 404, pi. 41, fig. 1.
Myrsine elongata Newb. HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p.i420, pi. 38, fig. 4c.
From the biological point of view the wisdom of attempting to maintain the
specific or varietal rank of all the numerous described forms of Salix included in
this monograph wUl doubtless be criticised, but for geological reasons . it may be
convenient at times to designate a certain form by a distinctive name and to com-
pare it with a figure so named, from some particular locality or horizon. The fact
should never be lost sight of that in stratigraphic work the positive identification
of a specimen with a named figure is of far greater importance than the question
whether the name represents its correct botanical relationsliips, and any change in
nomenclature may often lead to serious confusion in this connection. By reason
of these considerations I have therefore made as few changes in nomenclature as
possible.
Locality: Arrochar, Staten Island, PI. VIII, fig. Ic. Collected by Arthur
HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VIII, fig. 8. Collected by Arthur
HoUick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vinej^ard, PI. VIII, fig. 9. CoUected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Salix peote^folia flexuosa (Newberry) Lesquereux.
PL VIII, figs. 5, 6a; PI. XXXVII, fig. 8b.
Salix protexfolia var. fiexuosa Lesq., |Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 50, pi. 64, figs.
4, 5; HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 50, pi. 174, fig. 5; Annals New York Acad. Sci.,
vol. 11, 1898, p. 59, pi. 4, fig. 5a; Berry, BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 67, pi. 48, fig. 12;
pi. 52, fig. 2.
Salix fiexuosa Newb., Annals New York Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 21; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 35
(Later E.xt. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 56, pi. 2, fig. 4; pi. 13, figs. 3, 4; pi. 14, fig. 1.
Dewalquea Ealdemiana (Deb.) Sap. et Mar. HoUiek, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 36, pi. 2,
figs. 2a, 10.
I am inclined to tliink that the recognition of this and other forms of S. protese-
folia by Lesquereux as varieties was hardly warranted by the slight differences
— t ■ ■ —
iMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), pi. 3, figs. 1-6.
52 FLOEA OF SOUTHEKN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
which they present, and that in any revision of the genus these and perhaps some
recognized species might be grouped together, but inasmuch as the several forms
with which our specimens may be compared have been described and figured under
different varietal or specific names, I have thought it best to so refer them m tliis
monograph, wliich is essentially stratigraphic rather than biologic in its scope and
purpose.
Locality: Sea ChflE, Long Island, PI. VIII, fig. 5. CoUected by Gilbert Van
Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. VIII, fig. 6a. Collected by Arthur Hol-
hck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Kreischerville, Staten Island, PL XXXVII, fig. 8b. CoUected by Arthur
HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Salix prote^folia lanceolata Lesquereux.
PI. VIII, figs, la, 2-4.
Salix protexfolia var. lanceolata Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Sui-vey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1S92, p. 50, pi. 64,
figs. 6-8; Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 59, pi. 4, fig. 4.
Salix protexfolia Lesq. Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13.
Salix inxqiialis Newb.? HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 419, pi. 38, fig. 4a; Fifty-fifth
Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49.
In connection with these figures the sana.e or similar criticisms may be made as
in connection with the discussions of other closely related forms of Salix included in
this monograph, m wliich varietal and specific names are to be regarded more as
convenient designations than as names wliich are necessarily botanicaUy correct in
their systematic arrangement.
Locality: Arrochar, Staten Island, PL VIII, fig. la. CoUected by Arthur
HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Black Rock Point, Block Island, PL VIII, fig. 2. CoUected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Viaeyard, PL VIII, figs. 3, 4. CoUected by David White.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Salix protejEfolia linearifolia Lesquereux?
PI. VIII, fig. 12.
Salix proteafolia var. linearifolia Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 49, pi. 64,
figs. 1-3.
It is exceedingly difficult to distinguish the differences between the several
varietal forms included by Lesquereux m this species " and others referred to Salix
cuneata Newb.* and S. Meekii Newb.,'^ and the specimen now under consideration
might perhaps be regarded, by reason of its expanded base, as yet another variety
or species. As, however, it is not perfect, I have thought that it would not be
advisable to make it the basis for the description of a new form.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Viaeyard. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Speci-
men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
a Var. fiexuosa, loc. cit., p. 50, pi. 64, flgs. 4, 5. Var. lanceolata, ibid., flgs. fr-8. Var. longifolia, ibid., flg. 9.
6 Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 3& (Later Ext. Fl. N. \m.), 1898, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2.
clbid., pi. 2, flg. 3.
DESCKIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 53
Salix pubpuroides Hollick.
PI. VIII, fig. 11.
Sdlix parpvToHes Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Qub; vol. 21, 1894, p. 50, pi. 174, fig. 9.
This leaf, by reason of its small size, long tapering base, and relatively broad
upper part, was regarded as worthy of a distinct specific designation. The type
specimen here figured is the only one thus far found.
Locality: Sea Cliff, Long Island. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Salix sp.
PL VIII, fig. 13.
Salix, sp? Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 15.
This fragment is more than likely to be a portion of a leaf of some described
species or variety of S'aHa;,butitis too imperfectfor more thanageneric identification.
Locality: Kreischerville, Stateh Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Order MYRICALES.
Family MYRICACE.E.
Myrica Davisii Hollick.
PI. VII, fig. 25.
Myrim Damsii Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., Vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 3.
This species, except in its smaller size, hardly differs from Myrica longa (Heer) , ''
and might perhaps be identified with it, as may be seen by comparison with Heer's
fio-. 4 (loc. cit) , but as our specimen was originally described under a distinct
specific name I have not thought it advisable to make any change. The type
specimen here figured is the only one thus far found.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by William T. Davis.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Myrica Hollicki Ward.
PI. VII, fig. 24.
Myrica HoUieki Ward, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 45, 1893, p. 437.
Myrica grandifolia Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pl. 3, fig. 1. Not M. grandifolia
(Ung.) Schimp., Pal. Veg., vol. 2, 1872, p. 559.
The type specimen of this species here figured is the only one thus far found,
and, although imperfectly preserved, it shows well-marked characters sufficient to
separate it from any other described species. The specific name originally apphed
to it was found to be preoccupied, and Dr. Lester F. Ward, who first noted this fact,
proposed to substitute the name which is here adopted.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
aProteoides Umgus Heer, Fl. Foas. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-FI.), p. 110, pl. 29, fig. 8b; pl. 31, figs. 4, 5.
54 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEJs^ NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Mthica Zenkeei (Ettingshausen) VelenoTsky?
PL VII, fig. 23.
Myrica Zerikeri (Etts.) Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform, part 2, 18S3, p. 13 (3S), pi. 3 (11), figs. 1-9.
Dryandroides Zenkeri Etts., Kreidefl. Niederschoena, 1867, p. 257j pi. 3, figs. 1, 3, 11.
Whatever may "be thought of the identity of our fragment with the original
figures of Ettingshausen (loc. cit.) there is no question that it bears a striking resem-
blance to some of the specimens figured by Velenovsky (loc. cit., figs. 3, 4), andalso
to some extent with CelastrophyUum angustifolium Newb. " In Newberry's dis-
cussion of this latter species, however, he refers to the figures of Ettingshausen and
Velenovsky and says (loc. cit., p. 101): "Though perhaps generically identical —
but rather as Oelastrophyllum than Myrica — specifically our leaves are distract."
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected hj David White. Specimen in
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Ajient of Myrica sp.
PL VII, fig. 22.
This organism apparently consists of an elongated aggregation of roimded,
punctate or roughened fruits or seeds. These latter have much the appearance of
Oarpolithes patootensis Heer/ m regard to which he says (loc. cit.): "They belong
perhaps to Myrica," and considers them as identical with similar seeds previously
described as belongiag to this genus.'' The fact that our specimens appear to be
rough, while Heer's are described as smooth, may, however, be due to the character
of the matrix. Our specimen, although somewhat larger, bears also a stiiking
resemblance to Myricanthium amentaceum Vel.,'* especially when compared with
ids fig. 26 (loc. cit.), and to Heer's fruit of Myrica figured in Flora Fossihs Arctica,
vol. 6 (abth. 2), pi. 46, fig. 26, and his M. thulemis in Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Ki-eide-
FL), 1874, pi. 31, fig. Ic.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Order JUGLANDALES.
Family JUGLANDACE^E.
JuGiANS AKCTiCA Heer.
PL IX, figs. &-8.
Juglans arctica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 71, pi. 40, fig. 2; pi. 41, fig. 4c; pi. 42, figs, la,
lb, 2a, 2b; pi. 43, fig. 3; Newberry,Mon. U.S.Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl.Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 62,
pi. 20, fig. 2; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898,
p. 58,'pL 3, fig. 7; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49.
Ficus atavina Heer? Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 5.
This species and the one next considered are not very satisfactorily difieren-
tiated from each other by Heer, as may be seen by a comparison of his figures; and
those who have attempted to identify specimens with one or another of these species
aMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 100, pi. 14, figs. 8-17.
h Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 46, pi. 64, fig. 13.
cKreide-Fl. Quedlinburg, 1872, p. 11, pi. 3, figs. 15-18.
iJ Abh. K. Bolun. Gesellscli. Wissensch., vol. 3 (Kvet. Cesk. Cenomanu), 1889, p. 16, pi. 2, flgs. 24-26.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 55
do not appear to have been entirely successful, as may be seen by comparing Heer's
figures (loc. cit.) with those so referred by Lesquereux" and by Newberry (loc. cit.),
although the latter, it should be noted, made the identification provisional only.
Fig. 8 is apparently a portion of an anient, such as are figured by Heer (loc. cit., pi.
42, figs, lb, 2b), and included with the leaves under the same specific name. The
difference, however, between these and the similar aments which he includes imder
Myrica longa^ is very slight, and they may all belong to the same species.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. IX, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus, Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PI. IX, fig. 7. Collected by David White.
Specimen m U. S. Nat. Mus.
Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. IX, fig. S. Collected by Arthur Holhck.
Specimen m Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
JuGLANs CRASsiPES Heer.
pi. rS, figs. 3-5.
Juglans crassipes Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissench.,vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, p. 23,
pi. 6, fig. 3; HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 51, pi. 175, fig. 3.
Juglans arctica Heer« HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 51, pi. 178, fig. 2.
These specunens, while they do not compare very satisfactorily with Heer's
type figures (loc. cit.), or with the specunens subsequently figured,*^ are apparently
identical with those referred to this species by Lesquereux.**
Locality: Brooklyn, Long Island, PI. IX, fig. 3. Collected by G. Hurst.
Specimen in Mus. Long Island Hist. Soc.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. IX, fig. 4. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. IX, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Juglans elongata n. sp.
PI. XI, figs. 3, 4.
Laurus OmaaH Sap. et Mar., HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 52, pi. 176, fig. 3.
Leaf about 2 decimeters long, narrowly ovate-lanceolate in outline, sUghtly unsyrmnetrical and roimded
at the base, tapering to the apex; margin entire and somewhat sinuous; midrib strong, somewhat flexuous,
and curved at the base; secondary nerves numerous, forming angles of about 45° with the midrib, somewhat
more obtuse near the base, curving rather sharply and extending upward near the margin where the extremities
thin out and anastomose; tertiaiy nervation mostly irregular and branching, but in general at nearly right
angles to the secondaries throughout.
This is apparently a well-defined species of Juglans which is different from any
Cretaceous species heretofore described, but is strikingly similar to J. Schimperi
Lesq.,^ especially when compared with specimens described and figured by me from
u Hon. U. S. Geo!. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), pi. 19, flg. 3; pi. 39, fig. 5.
IFl. Joss. Arct., vol. 6 (abtli. 2), pi. 41, fig. 4b.
cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, pi. 61, flg. 4; pi. 65, flg. 9.
fiMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), pi. 49, flgs. 1-3.
e Tert. Fl., p. 287, pi. 56, flgs. 5-10.
56 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
the Eolignitic of Louisiana." It is possible that the leaf which Newberry refers
provisionally to J. arctica Heer, from the Cretaceous of New Jersey,* may represent
a broad leaflet of our species, but their identity is. too uncertain to warrant anythuig
more than incidental mention.
Locality: Sea Cliflf, Long Island, El. XI, fig. 3. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XI, fig. 4. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
. Order FAGALES.
Family FAGACE^E.
QuEECUS MORRisoNiANA Lesqucrcux.
PI. VIII, fig. 14.
Quercus Morrisoniana Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 40, pi. 17, figs. 1,2; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad.
Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 131, pi. 13, figs. 11, 12; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 411, pi. 73, fig. 5.
This well-defined Dakota group species is represented in our collefctions by the
single specimen here figured, although it has been found in the clay marl at Cliff-
wood, N. J. I am inclined to believe that I have also identified it in certain speci-
mens from the Amboy clays, but am not sufficiently certain in this respect to include
it in the table of distribution for that horizon.
Locality: Center Island, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
QuEECus ( ?) Nov^-CESAEE^ Hollick.
El. VIII, figs. 15, 16.
Quercus (?) Novie-Csesareie. HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 131, pi. 13, figs. 9, 10; Berry,
BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 72, pi. 51, fig. 4 [?].
It is unfortunate that both of our specimens, as well as the type specimens
from Cliffwood, N. J., are imperfect, -none of them showing the characters of the
apex; but the general outline, base, and nervation are all identical, and there can
be no question that all should be included under one species, so far as maj' be
judged from the characters that are preserved. The question of generic relation-
ship is one which may very well be left open, however, and the reference to Quercus
be regarded as provisional only.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
mens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
QuEECUs sp.
PI. VIII, fig. 17.
This specimen is apparently a portion of an oak leaf, or possibly of a Platanus,
but it is too fragmentary^ for any more exact determination.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
oGeol. Survey Louisiana, Rept. 1899 (1900), Special Rept. No. 5, p. 280, pi. 32, fig. 5; pi. 33, flgs. 1, 2; pi. 35, flg. 3.
6Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), p. 62, pi. 20, fig. 2.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. - 57
Order URTICALES.
Family ULMACE.E.
Planera bettjloides n. sp.
PL Vm, fig. 22.
Leaf elliptical-ovate in outline, 6.5 centimeters long by 2.3 centimeters wide in the middle, coarsely cre-
nate-dentate above, entire below; secondary nervation alternate, sparse, diverging from the midrib at acute
angles and terminating in the marginal dentitions, lower pair branched from beneath, the branches terminating
in the lower dentitions.
This specimen, although larger, is similar in its general appearance to Planera
Enowltoniana Hollick," and is almost exactly comparable, except in size, with
Betula tremula Heer,^ as may be seen by comparing our specunen with the enlarged
figure of the latter species (loc. cit., fig. 9).
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Family MORACEvE.
Ficus MYRicoiDES Hollick.
PI. XI, figs. 8, 9.
Ficus myricoides Hollick in Newb. Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1896 (1896), p. 71, pi.
32, fig. 18; pi. 41, figs. 8, 9.
It is with some hesitation that I have decided to refer these specimens to this
species, especially when comparmg the base of our fig. 9 with the corresponding
part of Newberry's fig. 18 (loc. cit.) ; but inasmuch as this latter figure was mcluded
with some doubt in the species (loc. cit.), and the other figures compare with ours
quite satisfactorily, the reference appears to be justified.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vmeyard, PI. XI, fig. 8. Collected by David
White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XI, fig. 9. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Ficus fracta Veler^ovsky.
PI. XI, fig. 7.
Ficus fracta Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 4, 1885, p. 10 (71), pi. 8 (31), fig. 15.
Aralia transversinervia Sap. et Mar. Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pi. 176, fig. 1.
This is apparently the only record of the occurrence of this species in America,
but a comparison with Velenovsky's figure seems to justify the reference, and the
geologic horizon from which his species was obtamed is known, by reason of other
unquestioned species, to be the approximate geologic equivalent of that in which ours
was found.
Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen m
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
o Newberry, Mon. U. .«. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896) p. 69, pi. 42, figs. 1-4.
Ilia Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 21, pi. .W, fig. Ic; pi. 55, fig. 9.
58 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Ficus ATAYiNA Heep.
PI. X, figs. 4-6.
Ficus atamna Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 69, pi. 11, figs. 5b, 7b, 8b; pi. 17, fig. 8b; pi. 19,
fig. lb; pi. 20, figs. 1, 2; Beriy, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 75, pi. 1, figs. 8, 9; pi. 3, fig. 6.,
Ficus proiogiea Heer., Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 108, pi. 29, fig. 2b; pi. 30, figs. 1-8 (not F.
proto^aa Ettingshausen, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. CI., vol. 55, 1867, p. 249, pi. 2, fig. 5);
HoUiok, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 51, pi. 175, fig. 4.
This well-defiiied species of Ficus was originally called F. protogxa by Heer;
but inasmucli as Ettingshausen bad previously used tbe name for an apparently
different species Heer subsequently renamed his species F. atavina, acknowledging
his oversight in the matter. The species is common to the Atane and Patoot beds
•of Greenland, and it has been found on Marthas Vineyard, Long Island, and at
Cliffwood, N. J. So far as our present laiowledge is concerned its distribution
seems to be confined to Greenland and eastern North America.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. X, figs. 4, 5. Collected by David
White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. X, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Ficus Keatjsiana Heer.
PI. IX, fig. 9; PI. X, figs. 1-3.
Ficus Krausiana Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissensch., vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, p. 15,
pi. 5, figs. 3-6; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11,
1898, p. 59, pi. 3, fig. 1.
Ficus atavina Heer ? Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, figs. 4, 6.
This species is hardly separably from F. BecJcwifhii Lesq.," and in some speci-
mens it is almost impossible to determine to wliich species they should be referred.
For this reason I have included all of ours under the older specific name.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. PI. IX, fig. 9; PI. X, fig. 3. Collected
by Arthur Holhck. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Ga}^ Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. X, fig. 1. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Southeast Point, Block Island, PI. X, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur HolUck.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
FicxTS SAPiNDiroLiA Hollick.
' PI. XI, figs. 1, 2.
Ficm sajrindifolia Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 411, pl. 78, fig. 5.
This species has some of the characters of Ficus magnolisefolia Lesq.,* but is
more unsymmetrical and in this respect is suggestive of the genus Sapindus, as
indicated in the specific name. It may also be seen to have certain points of resem-
blance to F. BecJcwithii Lesq.,'= but is broader and has a more robust midrib. The
type specimen is represented by our fig. 1 .
oCret. and Tert. Fl., p. 46, pl. 16, fig. 5; pl. 17, figs. 3, i.
b Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 47, pl. 17, figs. 5, 6.
cCret. and Tert. Fl., p. 46, pl. 16, fig. 5; pl. 17, figs. 3, 4.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 59
Locality: Mott Point, Maiiliassett Neck, Long Island, PI. XI, fig. 1. Col-
lected by A. E. Anderson. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL XI, fig. 2. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
FiCTJS WiLLisiANA Hollick.
PI. IX, figs. 1, 2.
Ficus WaUsiana Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 52, pi. 176, figs. 2, 5; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept.
New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49.
These two figures are reproductions of the original figures of the type speci-
mens, which are the only ones thus far discovered. The leaf was evidently one of
the largest in the entire insular flora, so far as known, and it is unfortunate that the
fragmentary nature of the specimens give us merely an indication of the actual size
of the leaf, which apparently was not less than 8 inches in length.
Locality: Sea Cliff, Long Island, PI. IX, fig. 1. Collected by Gilbert Van
Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. IX, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Ficus Woolsoni Newberry?
PL XI, figs. 5, 6.
Ficus Woolsoni Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 70, pi. 20, fig. 3;
pi. 23, figs. 1-6; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 33, pi. 2, fig. 1; Annals New York
Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 419, pi. 37, fig. 9; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 74,
pi. 47, fig. 7.
These fragmentary specimens are referred provisionally to this species, largely
for the want of a better place in which to put them; it is evident, however, that
this reference must be regarded as purely tentative.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. XI, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XI, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Holhck.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Order PROTEALES.
Family PROTEACE^.
Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer.
PI. XII, figs. 1-5.
Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, No. 1 (Phyll. Cr«t. Nebr.), 1867,
p. 17, pi. 4, figs. 9, 10; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 99, pi. 3, figs. 1, 2; Bull.
Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 52, pi. 177, fig. 1; Ries, Sch. Mines Quart., vol. 15, 1894, p. 354; New-
berry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 72, pi. 17, figs, 8, 9; pi. 32,
figs. 11, 13, 14; pi. 33, fig. 3; pi. 41, fig. 15.
Many of the numerous leaf forms which have been referred to this species from
time to time by different authorities seem somewhat questionable when comparison
is made with Heer's original figures (loc. cit.), but there is no doubt that our speci-
mens are identical with several which have been so referred,'' and it would not be
oLesquereux, Cret. Fl., pi. 16, figs. 1, 2; Newberry, Fl. Amboy Clays, pi. 17, fig. 9; pi. 32, fig. 13, etc.
60 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
advisable now to disturb these references and thus to cause confusion. I am also
inclined to think that the leaf which Lesquereux calls Ficus proteoides'^ should be
included mth this species and all perhaps be placed in the genus Ficus. This
change, however, would necessarily lead to an extended revision and rearrangement
which would be out of place in this work. Mr. Edward W. Berry has discussed the
subject in a recent paper on "A Ficus confused with Proteoides,"^ in which views
similar to the above are expressed and the change of name to Ficus daphnogenoides
(Heer) is definitely proposed, but from the practical point of view of the geologist
the fact of identity between specimens is of far greater importance than the deter-
mination of their probable botanical affinities. '
Even if all the doubtful forms should be excluded, however, there would yet
remain a large number identical with each other — sufficient to indicate that the
species was a widely distributed and important element in the Cretaceous flora of
North America. Mr. Berry has included in the species a number of specimens found
in the clay marl at Cliffwood, N. J.," but their identity with what I regard as*
representative specimens of the species as now recognized appears to be open to
question.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XII, figs. 1, 2. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XII, figs. 3, 4. Collected by David White.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Sea Chff, Long Island, PI. XII, fig. 5. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Drtandroides quercinea Velenovsky.
PI. VIII, figs. 18, 19.
Dryandroides quercinea Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 2, 1883, p. 8 (33), pi. 2 (10), figs. Sa-15.
These specimens do not compare satisfactorily with all of Velenovsky's figures,
but they are sufficiently like his fig. 12 (loc. cit.) to warrant the reference. They
may also perhaps be compared with Dryophyllum (Quercus) Holmesii Lesq.,"^ except
that in ours the dentition is coarser.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Banksites Saportanus Velenovsky.
PI. VIII, figs. 20, 21.
Bariksiies Saportanus Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 2, 1883, p. 7 (32), pi. 1 (9), figs. 18-20.
CdaslrophyUum Benedeni Sap. et Mar., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 177, fig. 3.
It is perhaps somewhat hazardous to attempt a definite identification from such
fragments as those which are represented by our figures, especially as the species,
so far as I am aware, has not been reported from elsewhere in America, but the
close resemblance to Velenovsky's figures of specimens from the Cretaceous of
Bohemia seems to justify the reference.
"Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 77, pi. 12, fig. 2.
6 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 32, 1905, pp. 327-330, pi. 21.
c Bull. New York Bot. Card., vol. 3, 1903, p. 74, pi. 51, figs. &-9.
d Cret. and Tcrt. Fl., p. 38, pi. 4, flg. 8.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 61
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VIII, fig. 20. Collected by David
White. Specimen m U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VIII, fig. 21. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Order RANALES.
Family -N YMPILEACE^.
Nelumbo Kempii (Hollick) Hollick.
PL Xm, figs. 1^; PI. XIV, figs. 1, 2; PI. XV; PI. XVI, figs. 1-6.
Ndumho Kempii (Hollick) Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 412, pi. 74, figs. 1, 2; pi. 75;
pi. 76; pi. 77, fig. 1.
Sermopsis Kempii HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Qub, vol. 20, 1893, p. 169, pi. 149; ibid., p. 334, pi. 166; Fifty-
fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49.
When first described, the specimens upon which the descriptions were based
were thought to represent a palm, and the generic name Serenopsis was given to
them. The type figures are reproduced on PI. XIII. Specimens subsequently
discovered, however, showed beyond doubt that they were not a palm, but a
species of Nelumbo, and that the species was similar to, if not identical with, Nelum-
.Uum arcticum Heer,'' the figure of which is reproduced on PI. XVI, fig. 7, for
comparison. Considerable difference may be noticed between our specimens, but it
hardly seems advisable to consider them otherwise than as belonging to a single
species.
The only other representative of the genus which has been recorded from
this vicinity is N. primxva Berry,^ from the Cretaceous clay marl at Cliffwood,
N. J., although Mr. Berry has informed me that he has found specimens, which he
thinks may be identical with ours, from a lower horizon than that at Clifi'wood,
near Morgans, N. J.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XIII, figs. 1-4; PI. XIV, figs. 1, 2;
PI. XV; PL XVI, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New
York Bot. Gard.
Manhassett Neck, Long Island, PI. XVI, fig. 5. Collected by A. E. Anderson.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vmeyard, PI. XVI, figs. 1^. Collected by David White.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Family MENISPERMACE^.
Menispeemites Brtsoniana HoUick.
PI. XII, fig. 6.
Menispermites Brysoniana HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 59, pl. 180, fig. 10; Fifty-fifth
Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. rSO.
The resemblance of this species to Menispermites horealis Heer" is quite
apparent, but the imperfect condition of Heer's specimen renders exact comparison
a Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 21, 1S82, p. 92, pl. 40, fig. 6.
6 Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 75, pl. 43, fig. 1.
c Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), p. 91, pl. 39, fig. 2.
62 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
impossible. Our figure is a reproduction of the figure of the type specimen, which
is the only one known to me.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Menispeemites acutdlobus Lesquereux?
PI. XII, fig. 8.
Menispermites acutUohus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 78, pi. 14, fig. 2.
The identity of our specimen with this species must necessarily be doubtfid, on
account of its imperfect condition, but that it is closely related to it there can
hardly be any question.
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Viaeyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in the U. S. Nat. Mus.
Menispeemites sp.
PI. XII, fig. 7.
Hedera sp. ? HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 421, pi. 38, fig. .5.
This fragment is apparently referable to Menispermites rather than to Hedera, as
originally thought probable, and might perhaps be considered as a small form of the
species last described.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
CoccuLus MiNUTus Hollick.
PI. XII, fig. 9.
Oocmdus minutus Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 407, pi. 70, fig. 6.
It is possible that this may be only a very small form of the species next
described.
Locality: Little Neck, Northport Harbor, Long Island. Collected by Heia-
rich Ries. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
CoccuLUS ciNNAMOMEUS Vclenovsky.
PI. XII, figs. 10-12.
Coceidus cinnamomeus Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 4, 1885, p. 4 (6.5), pl. 8 (31), figs. 16-21.
Although our specimens are somewhat smaller than those figured by Vele-
novsky, their identity can hardly be questioned, except perhaps in regard to our
fig. 12, in which the lateral nerves are indicated as starting from the midrib a short
distance above the base. This sUght difference, however, would scarcely seem to
warrant us in regarding it as a different species.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 63
COCCULITES IMPERFECTUS II. sp.
PI. XII, fig. 14.
Leaf linear-elliptical (?) in outline, about 5 centimeters (?) long by 1.5 centimeters maximum width;
margin entire; nervation consisting of a midrib and two pairs of subparallel, equidistant lateral nerves, which
start at the base of the leaf; tertiary nerves parallel to each other and at right angles to the lateral nerves.
It is possible that this specimen may represent a lower portion of a leaf of the
species next described, but the disposition of the lateral nerves is slightly different
and the angles between the tertiary and the lateral nerves appear to be more obtuse.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
CocciiLrrEs inquieendus n. sp.
PI. XII, fig. 13.
Leaf linear-elliptical (?) in outline, about 5 centimeters (?) long by 1.5 centimeters maximum width;
margin entire; apex blunt; nervation aerodrome, consisting of a midrib and two pairs of subparallel lateral
nerves near the margin, with subparallel tertiary nerves connecting the midrib with the inner lateral nerves
and the lateral nerves with each other.
This fragment has many points in common with Cocculites Kanii (Heer) Heer,"
although much smaller in size, and with Menispermites ovalis Lesq.,* and the ques-
tion of genei'ic reference appears to be merely a matter of personal choice.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Family JVIAGNOLIACBiE.
Magnolia Capellinii Heer.
PI. XVII, figs. 3, 4.
Magnolia Caipdiinii Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, No. 1, 1867 (Phyll. Cret. Nebr.), p. 21,
pi. 3, figs. 5, 6; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 234, pi. 6, fig. 6; Bull. Geol. Soc.
Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Fifty-fifth Ann. Eept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49; BuU. New
York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 413, pi. 78, fig. 3.
There can be no question m regard to our specimens being identical with this
well-defined species, which is not uncommon on Long Island, but has not been.
satisfactorily identified from elsewhere in this region, although it is listed by Les-
quereux as having been found at Sayreville, N. J.,"^ and Berry describes and figures
a fragment of a leaf from Cliffwood, N. J., as belonging to the species.*^ In con-
nection with the former, however, Lesquereux says (loc. cit.) : "These specimens
are few and poor, and therefore the determinations are not positively ascertained,"
and the identity of the latter is very doubtful.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XVII, fig. 3. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Center Island, Long Island, PL XVII, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
nFl. Foss. Aret., vol. 3 (Mioc. Fl. Arct. Zone), 1874, p. 21; ibid., vol. 7, 1883, p. 124, pi. 100, fig. lb= Daphnogene Kanii
Heer, ibid., vol. 1, 1S68, p. 112, pi. 14, figs. 1-5; pi. 16, fig. 1= Cocmlus Kanii (Heer) Sap. et Mar., Essai Veg. Marnes Heers.
Gelind., 1873, p. 63, pi. 10, fig. 1.
6 Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 1874 (1876), p. 357, pi. 5, fig. 4.
c Kept. Clay Deposits New Jersey, Geol. Survey New Jersey, 1878, p. 29.
i Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 76, pi. 3, fig. 3.
64 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Magnolia speciosa Heer.
PI. XIX, figs. 1-4.
Magnolia speciosa Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Natunvissensch., vol. 23 (Kreide-FI. Moletein), 1869,
p. 20, pi. 7, fig. 1 ; pl.9,fig.2; pi. 10, figs. 1 , 2 : pl.ll.fig.l; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12,
1893,' p. 234, pi. 7, fig. 4; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. vol. 21, 1894, p. 60, pi. 178, fig. 5; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am.,
vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Fifty-fifth Arm. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. rSO; Berry, Bull.
Torrey Bot. Cluh, vol. 31, 1904, p. 76, pi. 3, fig. 10.
The specimens representing this species are among the most satisfactory which
have been foimd withki the insular area, and it is evident from the number of speci-
mens included in the collections that the species was an important element in the
flora. It is prominently identified with the Dakota group and also occurs in the
clay marl of Cliff wood, N. J., but has not been found in the Amboy clays.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XIX, figs. 1, 2. Collected by Arthur
HoUick. Specimens ui Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XIX, figs". 3, 4. Collected by David White.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Magnolia tenuefolia Lesquereux.
PI. XVII, fig. 1; PI. XVIII, figs. 4, 5.
Magnolia ienuifolia Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 100; Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 92, pi. 21, fig. 1 ; Berry, Bull.
New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 77, pi. 47, fig. 10; HoUick, ibid., 1904, p. 413, pi. 73, fig. 2.
There is considerable difference between the robust specimen represented by
our fig. 5, PL XVIII, and the more delicate specimens represented by the other two,
but the same may be said of Lesquereux's figures," and the general resemblance
between all of them seems to justify the reference to this species.
Locality: Sea CM", Long Island, PL XVII, fig. 1. Collected by Gilbert Van
Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XVIII, fig. 4. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL XVIII, fig. 5. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Magnolia longipes Newberry.?
PL XXI, figs. 5, 6.
Magnolia longipes Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1S95 (1896), p. 76, pi. .54, figs.
1-3; HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 60, pi. 178, figs. 1, 3; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New
York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50.
These fragmentary specimens are not satisfactory subjects for accurate com-
parison, and they might be almost equally well included ^vith M. ienuifolia Lesq.,^
which differs but little from the species under consideration. In order that satis-
factory comparison might be made, however, it would be necessary to have both the
apex and petiole represented.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 24, fig. 1, and Cret. Fl., 1874, pi. 21, fig. 1.
6Cret. Fl., 1874, pi. 21, fig. 1 and this monograph, PI. XXVII, fig. 1; PI. XXVIII, flgs. 4, 5.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 65
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XXI, fig. .5. Collected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Dosoris Island, Long Island, PL XXI, fig. 6. Collected by Bailey Willis.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Magnolia psexjdoacuminata Lesquereux.
PI. XVIII, figs. 2, 3.
Magnolia psendoacuminata Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1S92, p. 199, pi. 24, fig. 2.
I have found more or less difficulty, by reason of the fragmentary character of
most of our specimens, in making a satisfactory distinction between this and the
closely allied species tenuifolia and amplifolia. In fact, even in the more perfect
specimens figured hj Lesquereux " to represent the three species the specific dis-
tinctions are not very apparent.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David "White. Speci-
mens m U. S. Nat. Mus.
Magnolia amplifolia Heer.
PI. xvm, fig. 1.
Magnolia amplifolia Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissensch. , vol. 23 (Kreide-Fl. Moletein)
1869, p. 21, pi. 8, fig. 1 ; pi. 9, fig. 1.
This specimen, although unquestionablj^ identical with Heer's species, as may
be seen by comparison with his figures, more especially with his fig. 1, pi. 9(loc. cit.),
might readily be confused with certain allied species, as previously noted in my dis-
cussion of M. pseudoacuminata Lesq. The close similaritj^ between these two spe-
cies was also noted by Lesquereux,'' who, however, regarded the thick midrib and
curved apex of amplifolia as specificalty distinguisMng features, both of which are
well shown in our specimen.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected b_y David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
' IMagnolia Lacoeana Lesquereux.
PI. XVII, fig. 2.
Magnolia Lacoeana Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 201, pi. 60, fig. 1; New-
berry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 73, pi. 15, figs. 1, 2.
The broad, almost orbicular form of this leaf serves to identify it with this
species, although it may be said that some forms referred by Heer to M. Capellinii
are strikingly suggestive.'' It is unfortunate that both in our specimen and in the
one figured by Lesquereux the apex is wanting, which, however, he describes ^s
"obtuse or abruptly pointed."
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1S92, pi. 24, flgs. 1-3.
6 Ibid., p. 200.
» Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), pi. 24, flg. 3; pi. 45, flg. 1.
MON L — 06 5
66 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Magnolia longifolia Newberry.
PI. XX, figs. 2, 3.
Magnolia langifolia Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Surrey, toI. 26 (Fl. .\mboy Clays), 1S95 (1896), p. 76, pi. 55, figs.
3, 5; pi. 56, figs. 1-4; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 36, pi. 3, fig. 9: Bull. Geol.
Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 422, pi. 37, fig. 3; Fifty-fifth
Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50.
Our fig. 2 is manifestly too fragmentary for satisfactory identification, but fig.
3 is apparently a small form of the species and is comparable with the leaf fi-om
Woodbridge, N. J., doubtfully referred by Ne\vberry to M. alternans Heer,° which,
however, can hardly be included in that species.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Ai'thur Hollick. Specimens
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Magnolia Isbeegiana Heer.
PI. XX, fig. 4.
Magnolia Isbergiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 91, pi. 36, fig. 3; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot.
dub, vol. 21, 1894, p. 60, pi. 178, fig. 4; Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50.
This species is represented in our collections by the one specimen here figured,
which appears to be the only one thus far brought to light other than the single
type specimen from Greenland, figured by Heer (loc. cit.) . The two figures are quite
similar, although the type shows a wider base, thus giving to the leaf a more pyi'ami-
dal shape than is indicated in ours.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick.
PI. XX, fig. 7.
Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick, in Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Oays), 1895 (1896),
p. 74, pi. 36, fig. 11; pi. 57, figs. 5-7; Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 133, pi. 14, fig. 8;
Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 60, pi. 3, fig. 2; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3,
1903, p. 77, pi. 53, fig. 5; pi. 57, fig. 2.
This specimen, although imperfect, is so exactly comparable with fig. 7, pi. 57
(Fl. Amboy Clays, loc. cit.), that they must be regarded as identical. It is the only
representative of the species thus far found witliin the insular area, although the
species is not uncommon in both the Amboy clays and the Clifi'wood clay marls in
New Jersey.
Locality: Balls Point, Block Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. jUnboy Clays), 1895 (1806), pi. 55, fig. 1.
DESCKIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 67
Magnolia glaucoides Newberry?
PI. XIX, fig. 6; PI. XX, fig. 6.
Magnolia glaucoides Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 74, pi. 57, figs,
1-4; HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 60, pi. 175, figs. 1, 7; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 7.
1895, p. 13; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r.50.
It is unfortunate that in each of our specimens the upper part is missing, as tliis
part would probably serve to determine whether we should regard them as belong-
ing Avith tliis species or with M. Boulayana Lesq.," which apparently differs from
the former merely in having an acute instead of an obtuse apex. Tliis specific dis-
tinction may not always hold good, however, as indicated by several specimens from
New Jersey in the Museum of the New York Botanical Garden, and in any critical
revision of the genus I am inclined to think that the two species would be united.
Locality: Sea Cliff, Long Island. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimens
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Magnolia alternans Heer.
Magnolia alternans Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, No. 1 (Phyll. Cr6t. Nebr.), 1867, p. 20,
pi. 3, figs. 2-4; pi. 4, figs. 1, 2; Pollard, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1394, p.. 181.
This species is listed by Pollard (loc. cit.) as occurring at Elm Point, G'-^-at Neck,
Long Island, but I have not seen the specimen.
Magnolia Van Ingeni Holiick.
PI. XX, fig. 1.
Magnolia Van Ingeni HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 61, pi. 175, fig. 6 ,
This species, based upon a single specimen, the original figure of which is here
reproduced, is somewhat similar in appearance to M. glaucoides Nevvb., as may be
seen by comparing it with the figures of specimens so referred in tliis monograph on
PI. XIX, fig. 6, and PI. XX, fig. 6, but the leaf is narrower, the base more rounded,
and the angle of nervation more obtuse.
Locality: Sea Cliff, Long Island. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Magnolia aueiculata Newberry.
PI. XIK, fig. 5; PI. XX, figs. 5, 8.
Magnolia auriculata Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 75, pi. 41, fig.
13; pi. 58, figs. 1-11; HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 61, pi. 179, figs. 6, 7; Fifty-fifth
Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49.
"Dicotyledonous leaf impression," Hitchcock, Geol. Massachusetts, vol. 2, 1841, p. 430, pi. 19, fig. 1 in part.
The identity of our specimens with this exceedingly variable species is perhaps
open to question, although I have specimens from New Jersey, labeled by Doctor
sMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 202, pi. 60, fig. 2; pi. 65, fig. 2.
68 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Newberry, which resemble ours more closely than any of those which he figured. It
is interesting to note that a leaf from Gay Head figured by Hitchcock, to which,
however, he did not give any name, unquestionably belongs to this species, as may
be seen by comparing it " with Newberry's figures (loc. cit.).
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XIX, fig. 5, PI. XX, fig. 5. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XX, fig. 8. Collected by Edward Hitchcock.
LlEIODENDRON OBLONGIFOLIUM Ncwbcrryl
PI. XXI, fig. 8.
Liriodendron oblongifolium Newb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 14, 1887, p. 5, pi. 61, fig. 1; Mon. U. S. Geol.
Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 81, pi. 52, figs. 1-5; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club,
vol. 21, 1894, p. 62, pi. 179, fig. 3.
This specimen, while it has much the appearance of a median portion of a leaf of
this species, is altogether too fragmentary for any but provisional reference, espe-
cially as it is the only specimen of this species in the insular flora collections.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
LmiODENDRON PRiM^vxJM Ncwbcrry.
PI. XXI, fig. 7.
LiTiodendror prirrwsvum Newb., Annals New York l^yc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 12; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey,
vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 96, pi. 6, fig. 7; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892,
p. 35, pi. 3, fig. 4.
This single specimen, which fortunately, however, is well preserved, is all that
we have to represent the species in any of the collections of Cretaceous plants from
eastern North America. Both Heer'' and Lesquereux' included this species with
the unlobed, emarginate leaves which Newberrj^ placed in the genus Liriodendropsis.
His views in this connection may be found expressed in the Flora of the Amboj'
Clays'* on pages 79, 80, and I have no hesitation in regarding his conclusions in this
respect as valid.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Liriodendron attenuatum n. sp.
PI. XXI, figs. 9-11.
Liriodendron prirnxvum Newb., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 61, pi. 179, fig. 4.
Leaves obscurely 2-lobed, entire, rounded below to a wedge-shaped base, constricted above to an emar-
• ginate apex; secondary nerves numerous and fine, diverging from the midrib at acute angles, soon branching
• and forming an irregular network with the tertiary nerves.
The first specimen of this species discovered, represented by our fig. 9, was
thought to be a form of L. primsevum Newb. and was so described by me (loc. cit.),
' sReproduced in our PI. X.X, fig. 8. cMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 203.
, . 6PL Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), p. 87. dMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 69
but specimens subsequently found have made it seem advisable to regard them all as
belonging to a distinct species, with the secondary nervation at a more acute angle of
divergence from the midrib and with a more elongated or attenuated upper portion
than in L. primsevum.
In some respects these leaves are similar to some of those included in the genus
Liriodendropsis, and it is possible that they may ultimately have to be so considered.
Our fig. 11 is to be specially noted in this connection.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXI, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur Hol-
Uck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXI, figs. 10, 1 1. Collected by David White.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Genus Liriodendropsis Newberry.
Genus Liriodendropsis Newberry gen. nov., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 189.5 (1896),
p. 82.
In this genus Newberry includes leaves of considerable variation in form v/hich
he originally described as a single species tmder Liriodendron ", and says (loc. cit.) :
I have thought it best to distinguish by a new generic name a group of leaves which are numerous in the
Amboy clays and the Atane beds ot Greenland. They have been hitherto included in the genus Liriodendron
by Professor Heer and myself; but while they are evident^ related to the tulip tree, their simple ovate or
lanceolate form, relatively small size, and strongly marked, reticulated nervation separate taem into a group by
themselves, possessing characters which seem to have more than a specific value.
Since the date Newberry wrote the above a large amount of new material has
been collected, wliich includes not only many which are identical with those which he
described, but others which, although difi^ering in certain particulars, are so closely
similar that they should all be regarded as at least generically related, although what
the botanical relationship of the genus may be is a question which we are not yet in a
position to answer, and it must be admitted that in this connection the new material,
with its multiplicity of new forms, has added to our perplexity instead of assisting us
in arriving at anj^ satisfactory conclusion.
Heer considered certain leaves from the lower Atane beds of Greenland, iden-
tical with those subsequently included by Newberry under Liriodendropsis simplex,^
to be varieties of Liriodendron Meelcii Heer, and they were so described and figured
by him, together with other forms which he regarded as allied, including Lirioden-
dron primsevum Newb., Phyllites obcordatus Heer, and Leguminosites Marcouanus
Heer.'' This segregation of species was criticised by Newberry in his discussion of
the genus Liriodendropsis (.loc. cit.), but the actual or possible relationship of most
of them to Liriodendron was afiirmed.
The question of the affinity of some of these forms with Liriodendron was dis-
cussed at some length by Theodor Holm in a paper entitled "Notes on the Leaves
aL. simplex., BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 14, 1887, p. 6, pi. 42, flgs. 2^.
i Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1S95 (1896), p. S3, pi. 19, flgs. 2, 3; pi. 53, flgs. 1^, 7.
cFI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2) , 1882, p. 87, pi. 18, flg. 4o; pi. 22, flgs. la, lb, 2-13; pi. 23, flgs. 3-8; pi. 25, flg. 5a; pi. 45,
figs. 13a, 13b.
70 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
of Liriodendron," " in which he criticises their reference even to the MagnoHacese,
and says (loc. cit., p. 33) : "* * * there is good reason for considering some of
the obcordate leaves as belonging to plants of a quite different family, namely, if
we compare them with leaflets of the LeguminosEe."
The same author subsequently continued the discussion in a paper "On the
Validity of Some Fossil Species of Liriodendron,"^ in which he calls attention to a
specimen figured by me, showing three leaves in close juxtaposition," and pertinently
remarks (loc. cit., p. 314): "* * * might we not then assume that they have
been situated close together, as they were found in the rock? They seem, indeed,
to have formed a trifoliate leaf, not unlike Desmodium, Phaseolus, and others. Their
venation is much more like that of the Leguminosae than of any known Liriodendron.
Moreover we must not forget that notched leaves are not only common among the
LeguminosEe, but exist in many genera of various families, e. g., Zygophyllum, Pas-
sifiora, Akehia, etc. — which might also, be taken into consideration."
Leaves which are superficially indistinguishable from some of ours are described
and figured by Bayer from the Cretaceous of Bohemia under the name Bignonia
fulcherrimafsir\.A it is interesting to note that in his fig. 126a he shows three leaflets
joined to a common petiole, thus forming a compound leaf. These figures are repro-
duced for conaparison in our figures 2 and 3 on PI. XXV, together with Newberry's
type figure of Liriodendropsis simplex in fig. 1.
A number of othei; fossil leaves, which have been described from time to time
under different genera, are impossible to separate from the general type represented
in- Liriodendropsis. ' As examples in this connection majr be mentioned Sapotacites
retusus Heer,*^ and Myrsinophyllum varians Yel./ a figure of which is reproduced
for comparison on PI. XXV, fig. 6.
Finally, attention may be called to the interesting comparison made by Ward
between certain forms of Liriodendropsis simplex and Cliondrophyton lace'ratum Sap.,
from the Cretaceous of Portugal,^ which latter he does not hesitate to rename Lirio-
dendropsis lacerata.
In view, therefore, of the wide differences of opinion which have been expressed
in regard to the probable botanical affinities of these leaf forms and the impossibility
of separating one from another, except in the case of extreme forms, I have thought
it advisable to include all of the specimens from our vicinity under the generic name
Liriodendropsis, leaving it in the systematic position in which it was placed bj^ the
author and separating it into as few species as possible, although doubtless some
authorities may be inclined to recognize additional species or varieties among the
many forms figured.
» Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., yol. 1.3, 1890, pp. 15-35, pis. 4-9.
bBot. Gaz., vol. 20, 1895, pp. 312-316, pi. 23.
c Liriodendron simplex Newb., Glen Cove, Long Island N. Y. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, pi. 5, fig. 2. See this
monograph, PI. XXIII, fig. 5.
tiStudien Gebioto Bohm. Kreideform. (Perucor Schichten), 1900 (1901), p. 156, figs. 126a, 126b. (Fig. 126a reduced in
size; flg. 126b nat. size.)
c Fl. Foss. .\rct., vol. 7, p. 32, pi. 61, flg. 10.
/Kvet. Cesk. Conomanu, p. 25, pi. 4, figs. 8, 9; pi. 5, fig. 12; pi. 6, figs. 10. 11.
ffSi.xteonth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1894-5 (1896), pt. 1, p. 540. pi. 107, figs. 6-8. ^
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 71
LiRiODENDROPSis ANGUSTiFOLiA Newberry.
PI. XXVI, figs, la, 2-5.
Liriodendropsis angustifolia Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 84, pi.
53, fig. 8; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13.
Liriodendron simplex Newb. in part. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 14, 1887, p. 6, pi. 62, fig. 4.
This species maj'' be regarded as occupying one extreme of the series of which
Liriodendropsis spectaMlis represents the other, with L. simplex, L. retusa, and L.
constricta as intermediate forms. Newberry's type figure is reproduced on PI.
XXVI, fig. 4.
It may appear to be just as difficult to draw the fine between this species and
some of those included under L. constricta as between any two other forms, but in
maintaining them as distinct I believe that I am following the course which would
have been pursued by Doctor Newberry if he had had the material in hand when
he decided to recognize the species simplex and angustifolia.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXVI, figs, la, 3. Collected by
David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXVI, fig. 2. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Woodbridge, N. J., PI. XXVI, figs. 4, 5. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot.
Gard.
Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.).
PI. XXII, fig. 7: PL XXVI, figs. 6-15; PI. XL, fig. IS.
Liriodendropsis simplex constricta Ward, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 1, 1894-95 (1896),
p. 540, pl. 107, fig. 8.
Liriodendron simplex Newb., Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 235, pl. 7, fig. 3.
Leaves entire, varying between 4 and 9 centimeters in length by 2 to 3.5 centimeters in maximum width,
ovate-lanceolate in outline, wedge-shaped at the base, abruptly constricted or narrowed and almost linear in
the upper part, with an emarginate or truncate apex; secondary and tertiary nervation almost indistinguish-
able one from the other, forming a fine network of elongated and polygonal areolae. ,
I have included in this species the specimens in which the upper part is nar-
rowed or abruptly constricted. The leaf which I regard as the type of the species
is shown on Pl. XXVI, fig. 15, while figs. 7-1 1 are indicative of relationship with
L. angustifolia and L. simplex.
With considerable hesitation I have also decided to include the specimen rep-
resented on Pl. XL bj'' fig. 15, which may be merely an abnormal form of the species,
and that represented on Pl. XXII by fig. 7, which is a form more or less suggestive
of L. spectaiilis.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, Pl. XXII, fig. 7; Pl. XXVI, figs.
6-14; Pl. XL, fig. 15. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, Pl. XXVI, fig. 15. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
72 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
LmiODENDROPSis EETUSA (Heer) n. comb.
PI. XXV, figs. 8, 9.
Supotaciies retusus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 32, pi. 61, fig. 10; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Sur-
vey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 123, pi. 53, figs. 5, 6.
Lirwdendron simplex Newb. Hollick., Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1S93, p. 235, pi. 5, fig. 5.
I can see no valid reason for regarding the leaves represented by these speci-
mens as generically distinct from the others with notched apices, referred to Lirio-
dendropsis, and in fact they might even be included in some one or another of the
described species of that genus, but Newberry considered the form represented by
our two specimens here figured to be distinct. Whether the distinctive features
should be regarded as generic, specific, or varietal is largely a matter of personal
choice and convenience.
Locality: Woodbridge, N. J., PI. XXV, fig. 8. Specimen in Mus. New York
Bot. Gard.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXV, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur HolHck.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
LiRiODENDROPsis SIMPLEX (Newberry) Newberry.
PI. XXIII, figs. 1-7; PI. XXIV, figs. 1-9; PI. XXV, figs. 1, 4, 5, 7, 10-12; PI. XXVI, figs, lb, Ic, Id.
Liriodendropsis simplex Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 83, pi. 19,
figs. 2, 3; pi. 53, figs. 1-4, 7; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13.
Liriodendron simplex Newb. in part, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 14, 1887, p. 6, pi. 62, figs. 2, 3; White, Am.
Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, figs. 6, 7; Uhler, Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1892 (1901),
p. 207; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 99, pi. 2, figs. 2, 4, 5, 7, 9; Ibid., vol. 12,
1893, p. 235, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 4; pi. 7, fig. 2; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903),
p. r50; Pollard, Trans.j^ew York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, p. 180.
It is with some hesitation that I have included all these leaf forms in this one
species, and it is impossible to know whether the author of the Species would have
done so, but any attempt to separate them, even into varieties, seems hopeless, on
account of the large number which it would be impossible to differentiate satisfac-
torily; and in this connection it may be remarked that not nearly all the specimens
available have»been figured.
When the relativelj^ coarse secondary nervation only is preserved the leaves
present quite a different appearance to those in which the finer intermediate nerva-
tion also is apparent. In the latter case the entire system of nervation is so inter-
laced that the distinction between coarser and finer Tierves is often difficult to
discern.
Another feature also of the nervation, to which Newberry did not call atten-
tion, is the quite considerable variation in the angle of divergence from the midrib.
In those leaves which are symmetrical or nearly so, the angle is practically uniform,
while in those which are irregular in outline the angle varies from about 45 degrees
to almost a right angle in the same leaf, according to the position of the marginal
inequalities.
Plowever we may regard them, it is evident that these leaves represent one or
more of the most abundant elements in the Cretaceous flora of this region, and if
DESCKIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 78
it should be proven that they are identical with similar leaves from other localities,
with which they have been compared, we have in them a tjqje of vegetation that
was world-wide in its distribution.
The forms which I regard as typical of the species as defined and figured by
Newberry are shown on PI. XXIV, figs. 4-9, together with three of Newberrj'^'s type
figures (hgs. 1-3) and another on PI. XXV, fig. 1.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vinej^ard, PI. XXIII, figs. 1, 2, 3; PI. XXV,
figs. 4, 10, 11, 12; PI. XXVI, figs, lb, c, d. Collected by David White. Specimens
in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXIII, figs. 4, 5; PL XXIV, figs. 4, 8, 9; PI.
XXV, fig. 5. (Fig. ^4, PI. XXIII, fig. 4, PI. XXIV, collected by David Wlnte;
specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.; fig. 5, PI. XXIII; figs. 8, 9, PI. XXIV; fig. 5, PI.
XXV, collected by Arthur Hollick, specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.)
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXIII, fig. 7; PI. XXIV, figs. 5-7; PI. XXV,
fig. 7. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts
and Sci.
Woodbridge, N. J., PI. XXIII, fig. 6; PI. XXIV, figs. 1-3; PI. XXV, fig. 1.
Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
LiRIODENUROPSIS SPECTABILIS n. sp.
PI. XXII, figs. 1-6.
Celastrophyllum decurrens Lesq,? Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 59, pi. 179, fig. 1.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in outline, 1.1 to 1.45 decimeters in length b}^ 5.5 centimeters maxi-
mum width, entire, emarginate at the apex; secondary and tertiarj' nervation almost indistinguishable one
from the other, merging and forming a fine reticulated network of elongated and poh'gonal areolae.
This species hardly differs from L. simplex except in size, and the decision to
regard them as specifically distinct will doubtless be criticized; but so also would be
a determination to group them together, especially if comparison were made between
the extremes of size and shape in the two species.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXII, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5. Collected
by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXTI, figs. 3, 6. (Fig. 3 cohected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Fig. 6 collected by. David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Family ANONACE.^. _
GUATTERIA CRETACEA n. Sp.
PI. XXI, figs. 1-4.
Leaves varying in size from 7.5 centimeters to 1 .5 decimeters in length by 2.5 centimeters to 4 centimeters in
width, linear-lanceolate in outline, broadest just above the wedge-shaped, somewhat uiisymmetrical base and
tapering irregularly to the apex; margin entire and more or less sinuous; secondary nerves numerous, irregu-
larly disposed, forming acute angles with the midrib, curving upward and anastomosing near their extremities.
These leaves are apparently different from anj^ heretofore described, c.lthough
our smallest one, represented by fig. 3, is almost indistinguishable from the larceo-
late leaves included in fig. 4, pi. 62, in Lesquereux's Flora of the Dakota Group,
74 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
which is named " Phyllites durescens sp. nov." in. the explanation of the plate. It
is evident, however, that this figure was included in the species through some error,
as it is not referred to in the descriptive text on page 218, and the specific descrip-
tion, while it agrees with the other figures (loc. cit., pi. 61, fig. 5; pi. 62, fig. 3), is
impossible of application to the former.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXI, figs. 1-.3. Collected by
David Wliite. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXI, fig. 4. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Family LAURACE^.
CiNNAMOMTJM CEASSIPETIOLATUM U. sp.
PI. XXX, figs. 3, 4.
Leaves large, with thick, robust petioles about 3 centimeters in length; lateral nerves basilar, strong, with
ascending secondaries on the outer sides and connected on the inner sides with the midrib by parallel, upward-
bent cross nervation.
These specimens appear to belong to a large species of Cinruimomum with a
conspicuously robust petiole, such as I have failed to find in connection with any
species hitherto described.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimens
in U. S. Nat. Mus
CiNNAMOMUM INTERMEDIUM Newberry.
PI. XXIX, fig. 7; PL XXX, figs. 1, 2.
Cinnamomum intermedium Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 89, pi.
29, figs, 1-8, 10; HoUick, Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept., New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. rSO.
Cinnamomum Sezannense Wat., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1891, p. 53, pi. 180, figs. 5, 7; Fifty-
fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50.
This species is closelj^ similar in general appearance to some forms of C ScJieu-
cTizeri Heer, C. ellipsoideum Sap. and Mar., and C. sezannense Wat., as noted bj^New
berry in his discussion (loc. cit.). My original identification was with the latter
species, while Newberry, in discussing the resemblances and differences between
his Amboy clay specimens and C. ellipsoideum, says: "If, however, they had been
found in the same country and [in-] beds of the same age, I should feel compelled to
consider them as but forms of that species." The question of specific distinction,
however, is secondary to the fact, which is apparently conclusive, that these speci-
mens from Long Island are identical with those figured by Newberry from the
Amboy clays of New Jersey.
Locality: Manhassett Neck, Long Island, PL XXIX, fig. 7. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXX, fig. 1. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Sea Cliff, Long Island, PI. XXX, fig. 2. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
DESCRIPTIOXS OF SPECIES. 75
CiNNAMOMUivi Heeeii Lesquereux?
PI. XXX, figs. .5, 6.
CinTiamomum Heerii Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 27, 1859, p. 361 ; Mou. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.)
1892, p. 105, pi. 15, fig. 1.
I have questioned the reference of our specimens to this species for the reason
that they do not agree with Lesquereux's original figure," although his subsequent
figure in the Flora of the Dakota Group (loc. cit.) agrees essential^ with ours. In
almost every fossil species of the genus, however, a wide diversity in leaf form and
point of origin of the secondary nerves has been recognized hy those who have
described them, and the difference in this instance is no greater than in many others.
One character in our specimens, however, which might perhaps serve to separate
them specificalljr, is the thin lateral nerves as compared with the relatively thick
midrib and petiole.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected bj^ David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
CiNNAMOMUM MEMBRANACETJM (Lesquereux) n. comb.
PI. XXrX, figs. 5, 6.
Paliurus membranaceu-s Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 101; Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 108, pi. 20, Rf. 6.
The reference of these leaves to this species is made with but little hesitation,
although ours are somewhat larger and in fig. 5 more elongated ; but the variation in
leaf forms displaj^ed by manj^ species of Cinnamomaim is too well known to require
comment, and that these leaves all belong m this genus rather than in Paliuru-^
appears to be strongly indicated. Irregularity in outline and constriction in the
upper part, indicating a tendency to lobation, is also characteristic of several species,
and it is interesting to note that this tendency'- is well shown in a specimen referred
by Lesquereux to Cinnamomum sezannense Wat.,* which might very well be con-
sidered as identical with ours. In all of these figures the lobation appears to be con-
fined to one side of the leaf, as often seen in our living Sassafras and as shown in one
figure of S. suhintegrifolium. Lesq.'^
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimens in
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Cinnamomum sp.
PI. XXX, fig. 7.
This fragment apparently rej^resents the base of a Cinnamomum leaf, with
prominently suprabasilar lateral nerves. The slightly outward-curving margin
may, however, indicate an irregular or lobate margin, and in that case the leaf would
be suggestive of Sassafras, but it does not seem possible to connect it satisfactorily
with any described species in either genus.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
o Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, vol. 13, 1869, pi. 23, flg. 12.
i>Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 12, flg. 6.
clbid., pi. 14, flg. 2.
76 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Persea Leconteana (Lesquereux) Lesquereux.
PI. XXXI, fig. 1.
Persea Leconteana (Lesq.) Lesq., Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 75, pi. 28, fig. 1.
Sassafras Leconteanum Lesq., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, vol. 13, 1S69, p. 431, pi. 23, fig. 1.
Although this is the oia\j specimen of the species thus far reported from the
Cretaceous of eastern North America, its identity seems to be quite satisfactory.
The change in the generic name from Sassafras to Persea, by Lesquereux, is certainly
to be commended.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Specimen
in IT. S. Nat. Mus.
Persea valida n. sp.
PI. XXIX, figs. 8, 9.
Leaves about 1 decimeter long by 3 centimeters wide in the middle, linear-lanceolate in outline, tapering
to a wedge-shaped base and rather abruptly to an acute apex; margins entire and irregularl}' wavy; midrib
curved and flexuous above, straight or nearly so below; secondary nerves numerous, irregularly disposed and
forming varying, mostly acute angles, with the midrib, especially below, curving upward and anastomosing
near the margin.
These beautiful and well-defined leaves are hardly distinguishable from many of
the leaf forms of the living Persea pubescens (Pursh) Sarg., and if found in one of the
more recent geological horizons would probably be regarded as identical with that
species.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David Wliite. Specimens in
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Ocotea nassauensis n. sp.
PI. XXVII, fig. 8.
Leaf about 5.5 centimeters long, entire, obovate, constricted above to a narrow apex; nervation campto-
drome; secondary nerves alternately disposed, about four on each side, diverging from the midrib at varying
acute angles and curving upward along the margin.
This leaf is apparently different from any heretofore described, although it has
some resemblance to the figure described as a terminal leaflet of Sapindus diversi-
f alius Lesq." The specific name is from Nassau, an old name for Long Island.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David Wliite. Specimen in
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Nectandra imperfecta n. sp.
PI. XXVII, figs. 13, 14.
Leaves linear-ovate to linear-lanceolate in outline, entire, narrowed below to a wedge-shaped base; sec-
ondary nerves few, irregularly disposed, the lower ones extending upward at acute angles, the upper ones
diverging from the midrib at more obtuse angles and connecting with the former through the short tertiary
cross nervation in the upper part of the leaf.
It is unfortunate that these specimens are both imperfect, as they apparently
represent a new and well-defined species in the Lauraceae; but without the apex it
is not possible to form a satisfactory idea of exactly what the leaves were like,
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 158, pi. 64, fig. 18 in part.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 77
although the lower portions indicate relationship with Nectaridra or some ciosely
allied genus.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Sassafras acutilobum Lesquereux.
PI. XXX, figs. 8, 9.
Sassafras acutilobum Lesq., Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 79, pi. 14, figs. 1, 2; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12
1893, p. 236, pi. 7, fig. 1; Bull. Geo!. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16,
1897, p. 132, pi. 14, fig. 13; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896),
p. 87, pi. 25, figs. 1-10: pi. 26, figs. 2-6; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 81, pi. 45,
figs. 1, 2.
Tliis exceedingly variable species is well represented by the extreme forms here
figured, wliich, however, do not differ from each other any more than do those fig-
ured by Lesquereux (loc. cit.) and are not nearly so diverse as those depicted by
Newberrj^ from the Cretaceous of New Jersey (loc. cit.).
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXX, fig. S. Collected by David
White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXX, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Sassa:fras angustilobum n. sp.
PL XXIX, figs. 1-3.
Leaves palmately 3-lobed, entire, more or less decurrent below; lobes blunt pointed, narrow, linear wedge-
shaped or slightly inflated about the middle; lateral primaries divergent, normally symmetrically supra-
basilar, but occasionally with one lower than its opposite.
These leaves, except for their blunt lobes, might readily be taken for small
specimens of the narrow forms of Sassafras cretacewn Newb.," or S. acutiloium
Lesq.'' They are also suggestive of certain species of Sterculia, especially S. Krejcii
Vel.,'= and S. aperta Lesq.,'* although in both of these species the lateral primaries are
apparently strictly basilar.
Locality: Gslj Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David Wliite. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Sassafras ceetaceum Newberry?
PI. XXX, fig. 10.
Sassafras cretaceum Newb., Annals New York Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 14; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey,
vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 98, pi. 6, figs. l-A; pi. 7, figs. 1-3; pi. 8, figs. 1, 2.
This imperfect specimen apparently represents a lower part of some one of the
broader leaf forms described and figured by Newberry under the above name, but
any attempt to identify it with any particular form is ineffectual on account of its
fragmentary condition.
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
a Mon. U. S. Geol Survey, vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, pi. 7, fig. 1.
!>Cret. and Tert. FL, 1883, pi. 5, fig. 1.
cFl. Bohm. Kreidetorm., pt. 2, 1883, p. 22 (47), pi. 5 (13), fig. 1.
liCret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 82, pi. 10, figs. 2, 3.
78 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Sassafras hastatum Newberry?
PI. XXrS, fig. 4; PI. XXX, fig. 12.
Sassafras hastatum Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 88, pi. 27, figs.
4-6; pi. 28, figs. 1, 2; pi. 40, fig. 4; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 414, pi. 79, fig. 4.
The resemblance of these specimens to this species is indicated rather than
expressed, and tlie absence of the bases in addition to the imperfect condition of the
lobes makes positive identification impossible. The divergent character of the lobes
is what has seemed to indicate identity with Jiastatum rather than with any other
species of Sassafras, but it is quite possible that these specimens may belong with
some species of Aralia, such as A. gr-onl'andica Heer,° wliich is not uncommon in tliis
region.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXIX, fig. 4. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXX, fig. 12. Collected by Arthur HolUck.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Sassafras progenitor Newberry.
PI. XXX, fig. 11.
Sassafras progenitor Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 88, pi. 27, figs.
1-3; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 53, pi. 174, fig. 1; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895.,
p. 13; Berry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 78, pi. 1, fig. 3.
This specimen, wliich is the only one in our collection, maj'' appear to be some-
what too fragmentary for positive identification, but the bulging margins of the
lobes indicate relationship with this species rather than with any other. It is a
common species in the Amboj^ clays and somewhat doubtful specimens have been
found in the clay marl at Clifl'wood, N. J.
Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Malapoenna sp.
PI. XXXI, fig. 4.
This specimen, obviously too fragmentary for satisfactory specific identification
or comparison, may belong with either Litsea falcifolia Lesq. '' or with L. cretacea
Lesq.,*^ although it appears to be too large for the former and too delicate for the
latter, according to the only two published figures of these species. A perfect
specimen of ours would apparently represent a form intermediate in appearance
between these two.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David Wliite. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
o Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1880, p. 84, pi. 38, flg. 3; pi. 39, flg. 1; pi. 46, flgs. 16, 17.
iiMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 97, pi. 11, fig. S.
clbid., p. 96, pi. 15, flg. 2.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 79
Laurus nebeascensis (Lesquereux) Lesquereux.
PI. XXVIII, figs. 3-8.
Laurus Nebrascensis (Lesq.) Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 98; Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 74, pi. 10, fig. 1;
pi. 28, fig. 14.
Persea Nebrasce7ids Lesq., Trans. Am. Pliilos. Soc, vol. 13, 1869, p. 431, pi. 23, figs. 9, 10.
Laurus primigenia Ung.? Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 33, pi. 2, fig. 20; pi. 3, fig. 3.
Magnolia altemans Heer, Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 405, pi. 41, figs. 4, 5.
Whatever may be thought of the fragmentary specimens represented by figs. 5-S,
there can be but Httle doubt that figs. 3, 4 are referable to a form of this species,
intermediate between the broad one shown in Lesquereux's fig. 1, pi. 10, and the
narrow one depicted in fig. 14, pi. 2<S (loc. cit.).
The fragmentary specimens were the first ones found bj'' me, and they were
somewhat doubtfullj- referred at that time in part to Laurus and in part to Mag-
nolia (loc. cit.). The more perfect specimens subsequenth' brought to light, how-
ever, have afforded opportunitj" for more satisfactory comparison and identification,
showing the characteristic thick midrib and obtuse apex of this species.
It is of mterest to note that Lesquereux, in liis discussion (loc. cit.) also refers to
the resemblance between his specimens and certain species of Magnolia, particu-
larly to M. speciosa Heer."
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXVIII, figs. 3, 4. (Fig. 3 e
lected by Arthur Hollick, specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. ; fig. 4 collected by
David White, specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.)
Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXVIII, figs. 5, 6. Collected by
Ai-thur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Ki-eischerville, Staten Island, PI. XXVIII, fig. 7. Collected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXVIII, fig. 8. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Laueus Newbeeeyana Hollick.
PI. XXXI, fig. 2.
Laurus Newherryana Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 52, pl. 179, fig. 5.
This species belongs in the same group with L. teliformis Lesq.,^ and L. Knowl-
toniana Lesq.,'^ but it is much larger than the former and much less robust than the
latter. The type specimen only is known, the figure of which is here reproduced.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Ai-thur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
oNeue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Natui'wissenscli., vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, pl. 10, flg. 2.
6 Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 94, pi. 50, fig. 9.
clbid., flg. 4.
80 FLOE A OF SOUTHEEX NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Latjrus Hollae Heer?.
PI. XXVIII, fig. 11.
Laurus Hollae Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1S82, p. 76, pi. 33, fig. 13; pi. 44, fig. 5b; pi. 45, fig. 3;
HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 34, pi. 2, fig. 17; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard.,
vol. 3, 1903, p. 78, pi. 50, figs. 7, 8; pi. 52, figs. 7, 8.
It is unfortunate that all of the specimens referable to this species which have
thus far been found in tliis region are mere fragments, too imperfect for more than
provisional identification.
Locality: Ivi-eischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Holliok. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Laukus antecedens Lesquereux.
PI, XXVIII, figs. 9, 10.
Laurus antecedens Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 92, pi. 11, fig. 3.
Although our specimens are more rigid than the one figured by Lesquereux
(loc. cit.), the resemblance between them is too marked to be disregarded, and it is
evident, from the distorted condition of the margin, that Lesquereux's specimen
does not represent the normal characters of the species.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimens
in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Laurus teliformis Lesquereux.
PI. XXXI, fig. 3.
Laurus ielifor-mis Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 94, pi. 50, fig. 9.
Our specimen is apparently identical with this species and differs fi'om Les-
quereux's figure (loc. cit.) merely in its wedge-shaped instead of acuminate apex. It
is also strikingly like the leaf referred by Lesquereux to Cinnamomum Scheuchzeri
Heer, " except that m ours the midrib is more delicate.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected bj- David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Laurus plutonia Heer.
PI. XXVII, figs. 9, 10; PI. XXVIII, figs. 1, 2.
Laurus plutonia Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 75, pl. 19, figs. Id, 2-4; pi. 20, figs. 3a, 4-6;
pi. 24, fig. 6b; pl. 28, figs. 10, 11; pl. 42, fig. 4b; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy
Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 85, pl. 16, figs. 10, 11: HoUiek, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Trans.
New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 132, pi. 13, figs. 5, 6; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1'898,
p. 60, pl. 4, figs. 6, 7; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 79, pi. 50, figs. 9-11; BuU. Torrey
Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 77, pl. 3, fig. 1.
This species has been made to include so many difl^erent forms that the reference
to it of these specimens requires but brief comment. Heer's figures alone (loc. cit.)
oCret. Fl., 1874, pl. 30, fig. 2.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 81
embrace a wide diversity of leaf forms and these could be still further amplified by
reference to numerous other authorities. As thus recognized the species has a wide
geographical distribution, which includes Europe, Greenland, and the eastern and
western United States.
Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. XXVII, figs. 9, 10. Collected
by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XXVIII, fig. 1. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Sea Cliff, Long Island, PI. XXVIII, fig. 2. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Laurus angusta Heer.
PI. XXVII, figs. 11, 12.
Laurus angusta Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (^bth. 2), 1882, p. 76, pi. 20, figs, lb, 7: pi. 43, fig. Ic: Ries, Sch.
Mines Quart., vol. 15, 1894, p. 354; HoUick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard, vol. 3, 1904, p. 408, pi. 70, figs.
10, 11.
Some of the forms of this species are hardly to be distinguished from the narrow
forms of L. plutonia; but if the species is to be recognized there is no doubt that
our specimens may be so referred. .
Locality: Little Neck (Northport Harbor) , Long Island. Collected by Heinrich
Ries. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Laurophyllum elegaxs n. sp.
PI. XXVII, figs. 1-5.
Laurus plutonia Heer. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 99, pi. 3, figs. 3, 4; ibid., vol. 12,
lS93,p. 236, pi. 6, fig. 1.
Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer. Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 420, pi. 36, fig. 2.
Leaves linear-elliptical in outline, flexuous, 1.3 decimeters long by 2-2.4 centimeters wide at about the
middle, entire, terminating above in a curved, attenuated, pointed apex and below in a long, narrow, pointed
base; secondary nerves fine and numerous, the lower ones forming acute angles with the midrib, becoming
more divergent above, curving and anastomosing near the margin; tertiary nervation mostly at right angles
to the secondary nerves throughout.
The first of these leaves that were found were thought to be forms of Laurus
plutonia Heer, but subsequent discoveries indicated beyond a doubt that they
represented a distinct and well-defined species, closely similar to Laurofhyllum
angustifolium Newb.," and differing but little, except in size, from Laurus angusta
Heer. ''
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXVII, figs. 1, 3-5. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXVII, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 86, pi. 17, flgs. 10, 11. .
!> Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 76, pi. 20, flgs. lb, 7; pi. 43, flg. Ic.
MON L— 06 fi
82 FLORA OF SOUTHERN XEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
LAUEOPHTLLtJM NERVILLOSUM n. Sp.
PI. XXVII, figs. 6, 7.
Proteoides dapTaiogenoides Heer, HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 189S, p. 420, pi. 36, figs. 1, 3.
Leaves linear-elliptical in outline, about 1.5 decimeters long by 2.6 centimeters maximum width, entire,
narrowed to a long wedge-shaped base; secondary nervation close, fine, uniformly divergent from the midrib
throughout, flexuous, ultimately thinning out and merging into the tertiarj- nervation near the margin.
These specimens were formerly regarded by me as probably belonging to Pro-
teoides daphnogenoides Heer, largelj' by reason of their similarity to a specimen from
the Cretaceous of New Jersej^, so identified by Newberry;" but I am now satisfied
that this reference was erroneous and that they represent a lauraceous species, not
imlike LaurophxjUum lanceolatum Newb.,** but possessing a remarkably well-deiined
though delicate system of nervation which is absent, or perhaps was not present, in
the specimens upon which tlie latter species was based. It is evident that the
distinction between this and the three species last described is more easily indicated
in the figures than expressed in words.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimens
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. #
Order ROSALES.
Family PLATANACE^.
Plataistus aqxjehongensis Hollick.
PI. XXXI, fig. 6.
PlaMnus Aquehongensis Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pi. 4.
This species was based upon a single specimen, the original figure of which is
here reproduced. It is well defined and is totally unlike anj^ other from this region.
The reference to the genus Platanus was questioned by Dr. Lester F. Ward,'' who,
however, recognized its validity as a new species, possibly belonging to Vitis or
Gremopsis.
Locality: Richmond A'"alley, Staten Island. Collected by Mr. Mesner. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Platantjs? Newberryaka Heer.
Platanus? Xewherryana Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, No. 1 (Phyll. Cr^t. Nebr.), 1867,
p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 4; Pollard, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13. 1894, p. 181.
This species is listed by Pollard (loc. cit.) as occurring at Elm Point, Great
Neck, Long Island, but the specimen was not seen by me.
a Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Ft. Amboy Clays), 1.S95 (1896), pi. S'i, flg. 14.
l> T\nd., p. 87, pi. 17, flgs. 1, 12.
c Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 45, 1893, p. 437.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 83
Platanus sp.
PI. XXXI, fig. 5.
Plaianus Newherryana Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 9.
The original unquestioned reference of this specimen by me to P. Newherryana
Heer was manifestly not warranted by its fragmentary character, although there
can be but little doubt that it represents a portion of a Platanus leaf.
Locality: Princess Bay, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten^Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Family ROSACE.^;.
Amelanciiier Whitei n. sp.
PI. XXXII, fig. 1.
Leaf 6 centimeters long by 2.5 centimeters wide in the middle, eUiptical-lanceoIate in outline, tapering
above, rounded to the base, short petioled, finely and uniformlj'- serrate-dentate almost to the base; secondary
nerves curving upward from the midrib at acute angles; tertiary nervation fine, subparallel, almost horizontal
or slightly curved downward.
This leaf apparently belongs to AmelancMer or some closely allied genus, and
the indications are that it had a somewhat abruptly attenuated or tapering apex.
There does not seem to be any described Cretaceous species with which it may be
identified, but it is closely similar to A. typica Lesq., from the Tertiary of Floris-
sant, Colo." Named for ]\Ir. David "VNTaite, the collector.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David "White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Family LEGUMINOS^.
Sulofamlly CJESv^^LPINIA-CEJE.
Htmen^a dakotana Lesquereux.
PI. XXXII, figs. 5-7.
Hymeniea dakotana Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Surve}', vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 145, pi. 55, figs. 2, 3;
pi. 56, figs. 1, 2; pi. 62, fig. 2; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 56, pi. 176, fig. 4.
Ddlbergia Binkiana Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 236, pi. 6, fig. 5.
The distinction between this species and Dalhergia Rinkiana Heer'' is hardly
discernible, but Lesquereux's figures are much better defined, and comparison
with these is therefore more satisfactory. Our fig. 5 is practically identical with
Lesquereux's fig. 2, pi. 56, and our fig. 6 may be compared with his fig. 3, pi. 55.
Locality: Sea Cliil, Long Island, PI. XXXII, fig. 5. Collected by Gilbert
Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Lloyd Neck, Long Island,, PL XXXII, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Holhck.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXII, fig. 7. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
a Cret. and Tert. FI., 1883, p. 198, pi. 40, fig. 11.
6 Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 102, pi. 26, figs. 1-3.
84 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YOEK AND NEAY ENGLAND.
Htmen^a PBDViiGENiA Saporta.
PI. XXXII, figs. 8, 9.
Hi/memea primigenia Sap., Monde des Plantes, 1879, p. 199, fig. 2; Velenovsky, Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3,
1884, p. 9 (56), pi. 5 (20), fig. 4; pi. 6 (21), figs. 1-4.
These specimens are apparently narrow forms of the leaves which Velenovskj
refers to this species. Saporta's original figure (loc. cit.) shows leaves with entire
margins, but in many of those figured by Velenovsky (loc. cit.) the margins are
crenate dentate, as in ours. In fact, he makes this one of the characters of the
species and says, "seldom entire margined."
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Cassia sp.
PI. XXXII, fig. 13.
This specimen may possibly be the base of a leaf of Cassia angusta Heer,"
which is considered by him to be identical with Palxocassia angustifoJia Etts.,*
a name not admissible by reason of the previously published Cassia angustifoJia
Vahl, a living species.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Devid White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Subfamily P^5i.F'ILIONA.CEi.3E.
COLUTEA PEIMOEDIALIS Hccr.
PI. XXXII, figs. 14, 15.
Colutea primordidis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abtli. 2), 1882, p. 99, pi. 27, figs. 7-11; pi. 43, figs. 7, 8;
HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 5G, pi. 174, fig. 2.
A great variety of forms is included in tliis species by Heer, and their close
similarity to some of the varieties of Liriodendropsis " will doubtless be noted, but
as a whole their obovate or elliptical shape serves to distinguish them. Newberry
refers two specimens from the Cretaceous of New Jersey to the same species,"^ but
the reference hardl^^ appears to be warranted by the figures.
The leaf described and figured by Lesquereux under the name LiriopJiyllum
ohcordatum '^ may perhaps be a form of this species and would probably be so con-
sidered in any critical revision of the leaves with obcordate or obovate-emarginate
outlines.
Locality: Eatons Neck, Long Island, PI. XXXII, fig. 14. Collected byAi'thur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXII, fig. 15. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
"Fl. Foss. .-Vrct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 101, pi. 27, fig. 6.
i>Sitzb. Wien-Akad. Wissensch., Math.-Naturw. CI., vol. 55 (abth. 1), (Kreidefl. Niederschona), 1S67, p. 261, pi. 3, figs.
6,7.
cSee this monograph, Pis. XXIV, XXV, XXVI.
iMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1S9S (1896), p. 97, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5.
£Mon. U. 8. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Or.), 1892, p. 210, pi. 28, fig. 7.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 85
Dalbekgia htperboeea Heer. ?
PI. XXXII, fig. 10.
Dalbergia hyperborea Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 102, pi. 26, fig. 4a; Hollick, Trans. New
York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 7.
The identity of this specimen is probably with either D. hyperiorea Heer (loc.
cit.) or D. Rinkiana Heer," the close resemblance between which was recognized by
Heer. He emphasizes, however, the rounded cordate base of the former as a distin-
guishing feature, and this is quite well defined in our specimen.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Dalbergia minor n. sp.
PI. XXXII, fig. 12.
Leaf small, entire, about 1.3 centimeters long, slightly inequilateral and curved, about 6 millimeters wide
at the abruptly rounded base, tapering to the- apex; nervation obscure.
This is not a very satisfactory specimen upon which to base a description of a
new species, but I have been unable to identify it with any heretofore recognized
Cretaceous form. In general appearance it is suggestive of the genus Dalbergia.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Dalbergia irregularis n. sp.
PI. XXXII, fig. 11.
Leaf about 3.8 centimeters long by 1.8 centimeters wide in the middle, entire, inequilateral, curved, taper-
ing to an acute apex, rounded at the base on the narrower side, cuneate on the broader side; nervation reticu-
late, leaving the convex side of the midrib at acute angles and the concave side at right angles.
The fossil species which most nearly resembles our specimen is Leguminosites
dalbergioides Etts.,* from the Tertiary of Europe.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Phaseolites elegans n. sp.
PI. XXXII, fig. 4.
Dalbergia RinTciana Heer. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 236, pi. 6, fig. 4.
Leaf inequilateral, entire, ovate-falcate in outline, tapering to a curved apex, narrowed to an acute wedge-
shaped base, short petioled; secondary nerves few or obscure, those on the broader side forming angles with
the midrib more acute than those on the narrower side, all curving upward.
This leaf has some of the characteristics of Dalbergia RinkiaTM Heer*^ and cer-
tain of .the forms figured under Phaseolites formus Lesq."^ It also bears a more or
less close resemblance to our fig. 5, pi. XXXII, which I have referred to Hymeniea
dakotana Lesq. Its almost perfect ovate-falcate outline, however, serves to dis-
tinguish it from any of the published figures of these species.
Locality: Brooklyn, Long Island. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
oFl.iFoss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 102, pi. 26, figs. 1-3.
i Abh. K.-K. Geol. Reichsanst., vol. 2 (abth. 3, No. 2, Tert. Fl. Haring), 1855, p. 91, pi. 30, figs. 18-20.
cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 102, pi. 26, figs. 1-3.
dMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 147, pi. 55, figs. 5, 6, 12.
86 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Phaseolites manhassettensis Hollick.
PI. XXXII, figs. 2, 3.
Phaseolites Manliassettensis Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 414, pi. 78, figs. 1, 2.
The distinction between this species and the one last described consists mainly
in the more acute angle of divergence between the secondaries and the midrib in the
species now under consideration, although it may be seen that there are also slight
differences in outline.
Locality: Manhassett Neck, Long Island. Collected by A. E. Anderson. Speci-
mens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
, LEGUMINOS^e OF' UNCERTA-IN RELA.TION.
j^ Leguminosites coronilloides Heer.
PI. XXXII, figs. 16, 17.
Leguminosites coronilloides Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 119, pi. 34, fig. 14; Newberry,
Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 97, pi. 42, fig. 48.
Leguminosites frigidus Heer. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 34, pi. 2, fig. 11.
There is but little choice between the above species as figured by Heer, especially
between his figure of L. coronilloides (loc. cit.),and the specimen of L. frigidus rep-
resented by his fig. 22, pi. 55."
Locality: Ki-eischerville, Staten Island, PL XXXII, fig. 16. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXII, fig. 17. Collected by David T\Tiite.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Legximinosites consteictus Lesquereux?
•Pl. XXXII, fig. 20.
Leguminosites constrictus Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 151, pi. 44, fig. 3; Hol-
lick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 56, pl. 177, fig. 13.
The identification of this specimen must be regarded as purely tentative on
account of the missing upper portion.
Lopality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected hy Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Leguminosites convolutus Lesquereux?
Pl. XXXII, figs. 18, 19.
Leguminosites convolutus Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 151, pl. 44, fig. 4; Hol-
lick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 56, pl. 177, fig. 14, Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State
Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50.
The identification of these specimens is questioned, for the reason that neither
one is complete, although each one shows certain characters which appear to be
similar to those of the species. As in the case of the species last described, however,
better material is required for satisfactorj^ identification.
oPl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 87
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXII, fig. 18. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Card.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL XXXII, fig. 19. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Order SAPINDALES. -
Family ANACARDIACE^.
Rhus ceetacea Heer?
PI. XXXIII, fig. 2.
Rhus creiacea Hqer, Kreide-Fl. Quedlinburg, 1872, p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 11.
This specimen, although more robust, is so closely similar to this species that at
least a provisional reference seems warranted. In general appearance it is perhaps
more like the Tertiary species Rhus Pyrrhse Ung.," especially as depicted by Heer.''
It also has some resemblance to the imperfect leaf described and figured by Lesque-
reux imder the name Ficus? undulata.'^
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimen in
U. S. Nat. Mus.
PiSTACIA AQUEHONGENSIS Hollick.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 3.
Pistacia Aquehmgensis Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., \'ol. 11, 1898, p. 421, pi. 36, fig. 5.
The type specimen, the figure of which is here reproduced, is all that we have to
represent the species, and it is the only representative of the genus thus far found in
our region. It is closely similar to P. aguensis Sap.,** which, however, is a European
Tertiary species. If the generic reference is correct, as it appears to be, the speci-
men is of considerable interest, as the only other supposed North American fossil
representatives of the genus are th& specimens described by Lesquereux under the
name Ficus oblanceolata, from the Laranfie group, "^ which Knowlton subsequently
relegated to Pistacia/
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Family ILICACE^.
Ilex papillosa Lesquereux.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 4.
Eex papiUosa Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (FI. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 177, pi. 29, figs. 9, 10; pi. 58, fig. 3.
This is one of the few specimens contained in a small lot described in a memo-
randum by Dr. Lester F. Ward, as follows : " 562. Clays, buff and more or less carbo-
naceous, from south shore of Gay Head. They came from the steep strata in the
o Chi. Protog., 1843, p. 84, pi. 22, fig. 1.
b Fl. Tert. Helvet., 1859, vol. 3, pi. 126, figs. 20-28.
cMon. XJ. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 84, pi. 12, fig. 5.
<2.\nnals sci. nat., 4th series, Bot., vol. 18, 1873, p. 105, pi. 15, figs. 1-24.
e Tert. Fl., 1878, p. 194, pi. 28, figs. 9-12.
/Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 152 (Cat. Cret. and Tert. Plants N. Am.), 1898, p. 167.
88 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
buttress a little to the east of the flow and plunge structure (Weyquosque), and are
regarded as post-Tertiary by Professor Shaler."
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Family CELASTRACE^.
Celastrus arctica Heer.
PI. xxxni, figs. 9-11.
Cdastrus arctica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 18S3, p. 40, pi. 61, figs. 5d, 5e ; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey,
vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 189.5 (1896), p. 98, pi. 13, figs. 8-18; Hollick, Annals Neve York Acad. Sei., vol.
11, 1898, p. 60, pi. 4, fig. 8; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 408, pi. 70, figs. 12, 13.
These specimens, although fragmentary, show the characteristic shape and ner-
vation of the species quite satisfactorily. It is one of the most abundant spepies in
the Amboy clays, and some of the numerous diverse forms depicted by Newberry
(loc. cit.) are exactly like ours, all of which are considerably larger than the single
specimen figured by Heer from the Patoot beds of Greenland (loc. cit.).
Locality: Little Neck (Northport Harbor), Long Island, PI. XXXIII, figs. 9,
10, Collected bj^ Arthur Hollick. Specimers in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. XXXIII, fig. 11. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Celastrophyllum grandifolitjm Newberry?
PI. XXXIII, fig. 8.
Celastrophyllum grandifoUum Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 104,
pi. 19, fig. 8; pi. 21, figs. 1-4.
This specimen appears to be the lower part of a very large leaf of this species,
or possibly of Celastrophyllum ensifolium (Lesq.) , " but its imperfect condition renders
satisfactory comparison impossible. Newberry also refers to this species and calls
attention to the resemblance between C. grandifoUum and C. lanceolatum. Etts.,*
and says (loc. cit.): "With more material we may find that the species should be
united."
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Gtminda primordialis, n. sp.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 5.
Leaf linear-obovate-spatulate, obscurely crenate above, entire below; nervation consisting of five pairs of
opposite, almost straight secondaries, which form acute angles with the midrib and ultimately coalesce into an
irregular submarginal nerve.
This well-defined leaf is clearly different from any species hitherto described. Its
affinities are apparently with the Celastracese, and it may be compared with many
_ aCret. Fl., 1874, p. 108, pi. 21, figs. 2, 3 ("Magnolia msifolia Lesq., U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 1871 (1872),
p. 302.)
b Sitzb. Akad. Wissonsch. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. CI., vol. .5.5 (abth. 1), (Kreidefl. Nie^erschOna), 1867, p. 260, pi. 3, fig. 9.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 89
of the leaves in the genera Gyminda, Pterocelastrus , and Maytenus, although in most
of these the secondary nerves are only occasionally opposite.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
El^odendron strictum, n. sp.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 6.
Leaf linear-ovate-lanceolate in outline, crenate-dentate above, entire below, tapering to a slightly rounded
wedge-shaped base; secondary nerves in pairs, almost straight, forming acute angles with the midrib, extending
upward and giving off nervilles from their outer sides which extend to the marginal dentitions.
' This leaf is characterized by the almost straight secondary nerves, arranged in
pairs, thus differing from any other described species.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
ELiEODENDRON sp.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 7.
OdaMrofhyTlum Benedini Sap. et Mar., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 177, fig. 4.
This specimen probably represents a new species, but it is too imperfect to serve
as a basis for satisfactory description. It is somewhat suggestive of Elseodendron
speciosum Lesq.," but the dentition is much finer.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Family ACERACE^.
Acer minutum Hollick.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 14.
Acer minutus Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 35, pl. 3, fig. 6.
This is the only leaf which could be referred to a maple thus far found in the
insular flora, and the figure is a reproduction of the figure of the type specimen.
Winged seeds which apparently belong to the genus occur at Gay Head and in the
Amboy clays of New Jersey, however, and it is possible that these may have come
from the same species of tree as the leaf, but thus far we have not found them asso-
ciated together.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Fruit of Acer sp.
PI. XXXIII, figs. 12, 13.
These winged seeds are very much like those which Newberry calls Acer amhoy-
ense,^ from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, and they probably belong to the same
nMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (FI. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 17.';, pl. 36, figs. 2, 3.
6Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. .^mboy Clays), 1875 (1896), p. 106, pl. 46, flgs. 5-S.
90 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
species, but no leaves of the genus have been found associated with them either
there or on Marthas Vineyard, where our specimens were found.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Family SAPINDACE^.
Sapindt^ts imperfectus Hollick.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 1.5.
Sapindxis imperfectus Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 415, pi. 78, fig. 4.
This species is very closely allied to S. morrisoni Lesq.,'' and may perhaps be
regarded merely as a form of that species.
Locality: Manhassett Neck, Long Island. Collected by A. E. Anderson. Speci-
men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Sapindus moeeisoni ijesquereux.
PI. XXXIII, figs. 16-20.
Sapindus MorrisoniTuesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., 1SS3, p. 83, pi. 16, figs. 1,2; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890,
p. 99, pi. 2, fig. 12 ; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 1 1 , 1S92, p. 103, pi. 3, fig. 5; ibid., vol. I2', 1893*
p. 235, pi. 6, fig. 3; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 57, pi. 179, fig. 8; BuIl.Geol. See. Am., vol. 7
1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1S98, p. 422, pi. 36, fig. 4; Berry, Bull. New York
Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 83, pi. 47, figs. 2, 3; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 78.
The great variety of shape and size in this species is well represented in our
specimens. Figs. IS and 19 are about the average in size and are most nearly like
Lesquereux's type figures (loc. cit.) ; fig. 19 is like liis specimens subsequently fig-
ured;^ fig. 16 is somewhat broader than any other specimen which I have seen
depicted, but it hardly differs to a sufficient extent to be regarded as a new species,
and fig. 17 maj^ be satisfactorily compared with some of the forms figured by Heer
from tlie Cretaceous of Greenland,'^ especially with his fig. 8 (loc. cit.), in which the
finer nervation is suggestive of some other genus, as it is in our fig. 17. In fact, if it
were not for the characteristic imsymmetrical base in our specimen — rounded on one
side and cuneate on the other — I should probably have considered it under some
other generic name.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXIII, figs. 16-18. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Princess Bay, Staten Island, PI. XXXIII, fig. 19. Collected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXIII, fig. 20. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
oCret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 83, pi. 16, flgs. 1, 2.
iiMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 35, flgs. 1, 2.
cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, pi. 43, flg. la; pi. 44, fig. 8.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 91
4
• Sapindus apioulatus Velenovsky.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 21.
Sapindus apicidaius Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 1S84, p. 6 (53), pi. 7 (22), figs. 1-8; HoUick, Trans.
New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 133, pi. 13, figs. 1, 2.
I am unable to recognize any valid difference between this species and Sapin-
dus diversifolius Lesq.," although the latter author regarded them as distinct
species, but "closely allied" (loc. cit. p. 159).
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David WhiLe. Specimen in
U. S. Nat. Mus.
Order RHAMNALES.
Family RHAMNACE.a}. -
Paliurus integrifolius HoUick.
PI. XXXIV, figs. 2-5.
Paliurus integrifolius HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 57, pi. 177, figs. 5, 8, 12; Trans. New
York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 133, pi. 14, fig. 10; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901
(1903), p. r50; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 408, pi. 70, fig. 7; Ries, Sch. Mines Quart.,
vol. 15, 1894, p. 353.
Fragmentary remains of these leaves, showing considerable diversity in size, are
relatively abundant in the insular flora, especially on Long Island, but they have
not been satisfactorily identified elsewhere. It is, unfortunate that in no instance
has a perfect specimen been found, and the characters of the upper part of the leaves
are not kno^vn.
Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island, PL XXXIV, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Lloyd Neck, Long Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 3. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Little Neck (Northport Harbor), Long Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 5. Collected
by Heinrich Ries.. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Paliurus ovalis Dawson.
PL XXXIV, fig. 14.
Paliurus ovalis Dawson, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, sec. 4 (Mesoz. Fl. Rocky Mt. Region), 1885, p. 14, pi. 4,
figs. 4, 8; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 107, pi. 23,
figs. 8, 9. ,
This specimen, so far as the characters of the nervation are concerned, shows
considerably more than Dawson's type figures (loc. cit.), or than can be seen in
Lesquereux's figure of a specimen from Kansas.^ The shape of the leaf, however,
"Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 158, pi. 64, flg. 18.
ilbid., pi. 35, flg. 7.
92 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
is identical in all, and our specimen appears to more satisfactorily represent the
species than do the two specimens from the Amboy clays (loc. cit.) so referred by
Newberry, the identity of which is open to question.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
PALruRUS AFFiNis Heer. ?
PI. XXXIV, figs. 6, 7.
Paliurus qffinis Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 42, pi. 62, figs. 16-19; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad.
Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 3.5, pi. 2, figs. 12, 14, 18; pi. 3, fig. 7.
It is quite possible that these specimens may belong with Paliurus cretaceus
Lesq.,'' which is so closely similar in appearance to P. affinis Heer, as to be hardly
distinguishable from it, but the}^ are too fragmentary for satisfactory comparison.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 7. Collected by Arthur Hol-
Hck. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
ZlZYPHUS ELEGANS HoUick.
PI. XXXIV, fig. 8.
Zizyphus ehgans HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 177, fig. 9.
This beautiful little species is represented in our collections from Glen Cove by
a number of fragments as well as by the perfect type specimen, the figure of which
is here reproduced. It occurs with and is evidently closely related to the species
next described.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
ZlZTPHUS OBLONGUS n. sp.
PI. XXXIV, figs. 9, 10.
ZizypJius elegans Hollick in part. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pl. 177, fig. 10: Bull. New
York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 41.5, pl. 73, fig. 4.
Leaves oblong, entire, 3-nerved from the base; lateral primaries rather sharply curved below, soon extend-
ing upward subparallel with the midrib, giving off branches on the outside, the latter forming acute angles
with the lateral primaries, and curving upward toward the margins; midrib and lateral primaries connected
by an irregularly disposed system of fine cross nervation.
This species was originally included by me in Zizyphus elegans (loc. cit.), but
this was due to the imperfect specimen, the illustration of which is reproduced in
fig. 9. New material since obtained indicates that a distinct species should be
recognized, characterized by an oblong instead of ovate form of leaf. Thus far I
have not succeeded in finding any specimen which shows the upper part, so that it
is impossible to determine whether the oblong character of the lower part prevails
throughout.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 165, pl. 35, fig. 3.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 93
ZizYPHT7S GRONLANDicus Heer.
PI. XXXIV, figs. 11, 12.
Zizyphus groriUmdicus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 42, pi. 62, fig. 20.
In spite of the paucity of our material and the imperfect condition of the two
specimens, I have but httle hesitation in regarding them as belonging to this species.
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIV, fig. 11. Collected by
David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIV, fig. 12. Collected by David
White. Specimen inU. S. Nat. Mus.
Zizyphus Lewisiana Hollick.
PI. XXXIV, fig. 13.
Zizyphus Lewisiana Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 180, fig. 13.
The only specimen of this species thus far known is the type, the original figure
of which is here reproduced.
Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Card.
Rhamnus ( ? ) ACUTA Heer.
PI. XXXIV, fig. 1.
Rhammis (?) acuta Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 98, pi. 41, fig. 6; pi. 45, fig. 13c: Hollick,
Bull, Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 177, fig. 6.
This specimen is apparently referable either to this species or to R. tenax Lesq.,"
and in placing it under Heer's name I should be considered as influenced more by
considerations of priority than by any intention to indicate that the two species are
distinct.
Locality: Lloyd Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Card.
Ceanothus constrictus n. sp.
PI. XXXIV, figs. 15-17.
Leaves obovate-spatulate in outline, entire, obscurely 2-Iobed or constricted above, \vith a retuse, emar-
ginate, or truncate apex and a wedge-shaped base ; secondary nerves irregularly arranged, the lower ones leaving
the midrib at or close to the base, extending upward subparallel with the margins and finally anastomosing with
the upper ones, forming a series of marginal loops.
These leaves apparently belong in the Rhamnaceffi and are not unlike those of
the living species Ceanothus cuneatus Nutt. They do not, however, appear to be
strictty 3-nerved from the base, although the lower secondaries simulate lateral
primaries very closely. The only fossil leaf which appears at all to resemble them is
Ceanothus Mlinicus \Jng.,^ a European Tertiary species.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIV, figs. 15, 16. Collected
by David Wliite. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 17. Cohected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 170, pi. 38, fig. 6.
6 CM. Prot., 1847, p. 14.5, pi. 49, fig. 9.
94 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Family VITACE.E.
CissiTES FORMOsys Heer?
PI. XXXVII, fig. 7.
Cissitesformosus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1S82_, p. 85, pi. 21, figs. 5-8; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot.
Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 57, pi. 174, fig. 6; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays),
1895 (1896), p. 107, pi. 47, figs. 1-8.
This very unsatisfactory specimen is referred to this species with considerable
hesitation and the identification must be regarded as merely provisional.
Locality: Dosoris Island, Long Island. Collected by Bailey Willis. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Order MALVALES.
Family STERCULIACE^.
Sterculia pre-labrusca n. sp.
PI. XXXIV, figs. 21, 22.
Sterculia lahrusca Ung. Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, p. 13.
Leaf narrowly lobed, entire; lobes more or less flexuous or irregular in shape; secondary nervation fine,
often branched, irregularly disposed, leaving the primary nerves at varying angles of divergence and extending
to the margins.
The decision to found a new species upon these fragmentary remains iw&j be
open to criticism, but I can not avoid the conviction that thej- should be so regarded
and that they represent a species allied to Sterculia lahrusca Ung.," from the Tertiary
of Europe. Subsequent figures by Ettmgshausen* approach ours even more closel}^
in general appearance and indicate a close relationship.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Stercxilia Snowii Lesquereux?
PI. xxxrv, fig. 20.
Sterculia Snowii Lesq.,Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 183, pi. 30, fig. 5; pi. 31, figs. 2, 3;
pi. 32; pi. 33, figs. 1-4.
I have referred this fragment to the above species provisionalh', although it is
possible that even the generic reference may be erroneous. It is evidently a portion
of a lobcd leaf which might perhaps belong to either a Sterculia, an Aralia, or a
Sassafras.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David Wliite. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
"Foss. Fl. Sotzka, ISSO, p. 45 [175], pi. 28 [49], figs. 1-11.
i F0S8. Fl. Bilin, 1869, pi. 43, figs. 4, 5.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 95
Sterculia sp.
■ PI. XXXIV, figs. 18, 19.
Sterculia sp.? Hollick; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 422, pi. 37, fig. 5.
These fragments apparently represent lobes of some narrow-leaved Sterculia,
similar to S. luguhris Lesq. " ,
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIV, fig. 18. Collected by
David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 19. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Pterospermites modestus Lesquereux.
PI. XXXVIII, fig. 8.
Pterospermites modestus Lesq.,' Mon. U. S. Geol. Surrey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 186, pi. 58, fig. 5;
HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 422, pi. 37, fig. 6.
There can hardly be any question that our specimen is identical with tliis species
as described and figured by Lesquereux fi'om the Dakota group, but it may also be
compared with Apeiiopsis thomseniana Heer** from the lower Atane beds of Green-
land, and the question whether or not these two species should be regarded as dis-
tinct is largely one of personal choice.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Order MYRTALES.
Famity MYRTACE^.
Eucalyptus? nervosa Newberry.
PI. VIII, fig. 6b; PI. XXXV, fig. 16.
Eucalyptus? nervosa Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey-, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895(1896), p. 112, pi. 32,
figs. 3-5, 8; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 56, pi, 174, fig. 10.
These fragments are manifestly not satisfactory subjects for identification, but
they represent portions of linear leaves apparently identical with Newberry's species,
as may be seen by comparison with his figures (loc. cit.).
Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. VIII, fig. 6b. Collected by
Arthur Holhck.
Sea Clifl[, Long Island, PL XXXV, fig. 16. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Eucalyptus? angustifolla Newberry.
PI. XXXV, figs. 9, 14, 15.
Eucalypfus? angustifolia'!<iewh.,Mon.V. S.Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895(1896), p. HI, pi. 32,
figs. 1, 6, 7; Hollick, BuD. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 408, pi. 70, figs. 8, 9.
Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer [«]. Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 87, pi. 53, fig. 3.
In grouping these figures of apparently widely different forms under the one
specific name I have followed Newberry in his treatment of the species (loc. cit.).
nCret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 81, pi. 6, Cgs. 1-3.
!> n. Foss. Arct., vol. 0, (abtli. 2), 1SS2, p. 95, pi- ^6, fig. .5.
96 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Our fig. 9, for example, is almost certainly identical with Ms fig. 1, wliile our figs.
14, 15 may be equally well compared with his figs. 6, 7, although there seems to be
but little doubt that two different species are represented.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXV, fig. 9. Collected by David
White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Little Neck (Northport Harbor), Long Island, PI. XXXV, figs. 14, 15. Col-
lected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Eucalyptus Geinitzi (Heer) Heer.
PI. XXXV, figs. 1-8, 10-12.
Eucalyptus Geinitzi (Heer), Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 193, pi. 19, fig. Ic; pi. 46, figs. 12c, 13;
White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, fig. 8; Uhler, Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1892
(1901), p. 207; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 99, pi. 2, fig. 1; ibid., vol. 12, 1892, p.
34, pi 2, fig. 5; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 55, pi. 177, fig. 11; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol.7,
1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 60, pi. 4, figs. 1-3; Newberry, 'Mon. U. S. Geol.
Sur^'ey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 110, pi. 32, figs. 2, 12, 15 (16?).
MijrtophyUum (Eucalyptus?) Geinitgi Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissensch., vol. 23 (Fl.
Moletein), 1869, p. 22, pi. 11, figs. 3, 4.
The varietj' of forms wliich Heer and subsequent authorities have referred to
this species is probably as great as is to be found in bjyj other fossil leaf species. The
tj^pe figures from Moletein (loc. cit.) are unquestionably identical with our fig. 10,
while between these and the larger, broader forms figured by Velenovsky" there is
every jjossible gradation in size and shape, and it is impossible to resist the conviction
that several distinct species should be recognized among them. Ours are fairly
uniform, however, and present but minor differences between themselves, so that I
have but little hesitation in regarding them as all belonging to one species.
Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. XXXV, figs. 1, 2. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Southeast Point, Block Island, PI. XXXV, fig. 11. Collected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXV, figs. 3, 5-S. Collected by David
White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XXXV, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXV, fig. 10. Collected by Ai-thur HoUick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Ai-ts and Sci.
Eucalyptus Schubleei (Heer) ? n. comb.
Pi. XXXVI, fig. 6.
MyrtophyUum {Euccdyptux) SchuUeri Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissensch., vol. 23 (Fl.
Moletein), 1869, p. 23, jJl. 11, fig. 2.
It is unfortimate that in both our specimens and Heer's only a portion of each
leaf is preserved, so that the identification can be regarded as only provisional. In
GUI'S the indicated shape of the leaf is somewhat more linear than in Heer's, but the
reticulated network of secondary and tertiary nerves, wliich ultimately join and form
the marginal nerve, is identical in both.
a Fl. Uiilim. Kreldotonn., pt. 1, l.ss.'i, pi. 2 (2.j), liRS. 1-5.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 97
It is probable that the fragmentaiy leaf remains from the clay marl of Cliff-
wood, N. J., wliich Berry refers to Ficus reticulata (Lesq.) KJaowlton, " belong with
our species and not with that to wliich they are referred.
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Eucalyptus latifolia n. sp.
PI. xo;vi, figs. 1-5.
Leaves large, about 1.5 decimeters long by 5.3 centimeters maximum width, entire, broadest about the
middle, tapering rather abruptly to an attemiated, curved or flexuous, pointed apex and narrowed to the base-
secondarj' nervation fine, numerous, leaving the midrib at angles of about 45°, irregularly disposed, flex-
uous, terminating in a marginal nerve.
This is apparently a large species of Eucalyptus, although in many respects it is
suggestive of certain species of Ficus, as, for example, F. protogsea Heer,^ in wMch,
however, the characters of the apex are not described or figured. The leaves from
our region wliich I regard as belonging to the latter species are depicted on PI. X,
figs. 4-6, of this monograph under F. atavina Heer.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXVI, fig. 1. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXVI, figs. 2-.5. Collected by David Wliite.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Mtrtophyllum Waederi Lesquereux.
PI. XXXV, fig. 13.
MyriophyUum, Warden Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1S92, p. 136, pi. 53, fig. 10.
MyrtophyUum {Eucalyptus 1) Geinitzi Heer, HolKck, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 236, pi. 6,
fig. 2.
It is unfortunate that both our figure and that of the type (loc. cit.) show only
the lower parts of the leaves, but as far as these can be compared they are so closely
ahke that they might almost be taken for counterparts of the same specimen, and
their specific identity is beyond question.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York. Bot. Gard.
Order UMBELLALES.
Family ARALIACE^.
Hedera simplex n. sp.
PI. XXXVII, fig. 9.
Leaf palmately 3-lobed; lateral lobes broad, divergent, rounded below to a cordate base ; secondary nerves
rather remote from each other, diverging from the primaries at varying angles, ultimately bending sharply,
joining, and forming a coarse network of subrectangular and polygonal areolie.
This fragmentary specimen apparently indicates a leaf closely resembling our
living ivy {Hedera helix L.) .
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
a Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 73, pi. 62, flg. 5; pi. 53, figs. 1, 4.
b Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 108, pi. 29, fig. 2b; pi. 30, figs. 1, 2a, 3, 3b, 4a, 8.
MON L — 06 7
98 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YOEK AND. NEW ENGLAND.
Aealia patens Newberry?
PI. XXXVIII, fig. 3.
Ardiafatem Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Ainboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 117, pi. 28, fig. 3.
HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pi. 174, fig. 4.
In the Flora of the Amboy Clays (loc. cit.) Newberry describes and figiires a
broadly divergent type of Aralia under this name, with which our fragment may be
provisionally identified.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Aralia palmata Newberry.
PI. XXXVIII, fig. 4.
Aralia palmata Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 117, pi. 39, figs.
6, 7; pi. 40, fig. 3; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 93, pi. 44; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club,
vol. 31, 1904, p. 79, pi. 4, fig. 12.
Aralia rotundiloha Newb.?, Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. '421, pi. 38, fig. 2.
Aralia sp. Hollick, Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. roO.
This specimen was originally referred by me provisionally to Aralia rotundiloha
Newb. (loc. cit.), but I am now convinced that it belongs to A. fahnata Newb., and
that it is identical with liis fig. 3, pi. 40 (loc. cit.), which represents a specimen from
the Amboy clays of New Jersey. Specimens apparently referable to the species
have also been found in the claj' marls at Chffwood, N. J.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Aralia gronlandica Heer.
PI. XXXVII, figs. 3-6.
Aralia gronlandica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 84, pi. 38, fig. 3; pi. 39,fig.l ; pi. 46, figs. 16, 17;
Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13: Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy
Clays), 1395 (1896), p. 116, pi. 28, fig. 4; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 94, pi. 45, fig. 4.
The specimens represented by our figs. 4, 5 are apparently small 3-lobed forms
of the species, which is the prevailing form in this region, agreeing with those figured
by Newberry and Berry from the Cretaceous of New Jersey (loc. cit.). Fig. 6 is
probabty a portion of a lateral lobe with a small sublobe such as frequently occurs in
the leaves of this species, especially in those so referred bj^ Lesquereux from the
Dakota group." In many respects our fig. 5 bears a striking resemblance to Sterculia
Krejcii Vel.* and to S. aperta Lesq.*^, except that in the latter species the lobes are
more divergent. The great difference in size between our figs. 4 and 5 might seem to
preclude the probability of their specific identity, but tliis feature seems to obtain in
other species from the region, notably in the case of Aralia polymorpJia Newb.,'' and
"Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 131, pi. 54, figs. 1-3.
6F1. Bohm Kreidetorm., pt. 2, ISS?, p. 22 (47), pi. 5 (13), fig. 1.
cCret. and Tert. Fl., 1S83, p. S2, pi. 10, figs. 2, 3.
dilon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. .\mboy Clays), 1895 (1S90), pi. 39, figs. 1-5.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 99
largely for that reason I have concluded to regard these two specimens as forms of
one species.
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PL XXXVII, figs. 3, 6. Collected
by David White. Specimen in IT. S. Nat. Mus.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXVII, figs. 4, 5. Collected by David
White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Aralia Ravniana Heer.
PI. XXXVII, figs. 1, 2.
Aralia Ramiiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 84, pi. 38, figs. 1,2; Berry, BuD. New York
Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 92, pi. 46, fig. 7; pi. 53, fig. 2; pi. 57, fig. 1[?].
Stercidia Snowii Lesq. ? Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 422, pi. 37, fig. 4.
These are not very satisfactory specimens upon which to base definite con-
clusions, but they agree fairly well with this species and with similar fragmentary
remains so referred by Berry from the clay marls of Cliffwood, N. J. (loc. cit.).
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXVII, fig. 1. Collected by
David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXVII, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Aralia nassauensis Hollick.
PI. XXXVIII, figs. 1,2.
Aralia Nassauensis HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 55, pi. 174, figs. 3, 7.
This species, of which the type specimens are here figured, appears to be related
to A. WeUingtoniana Lesq.," but is much broader.
Locality: Brooklyn, Long Island; fig. 1 collected by W. Miles; fig. 2 collected
by J. C. Brevoort. Specimens in Mus. Long Island Hist. Soc.
Aralia coeiacea Velenovsky.
PL XXXVIII, figs. 5, 6.
Aralia coriacea Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 1884, p. 11 (58), pi. 1 (16), figs. 1-9; pi. 2 (17), fig. 2; Hol-
, lick, BuD. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 415, pi. 73, fig. 3.
/ This species appears to be quite well defined in our specimens, and fig. 5 resem-
bles so closely the shorter forms depicted by Velenovsky (loc. cit.) that there seems
to be every reason for regarding them as identical. Several other specimens, more
fragmentary however than those figured, are included in the collections from Gay
Head and Glen Cove, so that it may be regarded as a not uncommon element of our
insular flora in those localities.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXVIII, fig. 5. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vmeyard, PI. XXXVIII, fig. 6. Collected by David
White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 131, pi. 21, fig. 1; pi. 22, figs. 2, 3; Newberry, Men. U. S. Geol.
Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), pi. 26, flg. 1.
100 FLORA OF SOUTHEEX NEW YORK AND NEAV ENGLAND.
Panax cretacea Heer.
PI. XXXVIII, fig. 7.
Panax cretacea Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-FL), 1874, p. 114, pi. 32, figo. 9, 9b, 9c, 9d, 10.
Tliis little fruit has every appearance of identity with Heer's species and it is
interesting to find it associated both in Greenland and in our region with leaves of
a.raliaceous plants.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Chondrophyllum ORBicuLATUM Heer.
PI. XXXVII, fig. 8a.
ClondrophyUum orbimlaiumS.eev, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.) 1874, p. 115, pi. 31, fig. 3c: pi. 32, fig.
13; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci,, vol. 12, 1892, p. 35, pi. 2, fig. 2b.
Although the finer nervation is not preserved in our specimen the coarser nerva-
tion and the mdicated form of the leaf are apparently identical with Heer's species.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Series II. GAMOPETAL^E.
Order ERICALES.
Family ERICACEAE.
E^ALMiA Brittoniana Hollick.
PL XXXIX, figs. 8, 9.
Kdmia Brittoniana Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 34, pi. 2, figs. 7, 8.
The type specimens of this species, here figured, do not show any indications cf
secondary nervation, otherwise they might be compared \vith C'elastropJiyllum cre-
taceum Lesq.'' from the Dakota group, and no others have yet been found. The
absence of secondarj^ nervation, indicating a leaf of thick, coriaceous texture was
what largely influenced me in referrmg the leaves to the genus Ealmia.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
mens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Andromeda latifolia Newberry.
Pi. xxxrx, fig. 1.
Andromeda latifolia Newb., Men. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. iVmboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 120, pi. 33,
figs. 6-10; pi. 34, figs. 6-11; pi. 36, fig. 10; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard.,vol. 3, 1904, p. 416, pi.
79, fig. 3.'
Among the numerous figures of this species given by Newberry (loc. cit.) the
one which appears to denote unquestionable identity with our specimen is fig. 8, pi.
oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 173, pi. 38, figs. 12-U.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 101
33. It evidently possessed considerable diversity of form and in some instances
these can hardly be distinguished from certain forms of A. Parlatorii Heer, next
described.
Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Andromeda Parlatorii Heer.
PI. XXXIX, figs. 2-.5.
Andromeda Parlatorii Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helvet. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, no. 1 (Phyl. Cret. Nebr.), 1867, p. 18,
pi. 1, fig. 5; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 97, pi. 2, fig. 4; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey^
vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 120, pi. 31, figs. 1-7; pi. 33, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5; Hollick, Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pi. 175, fig. 2; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York
Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 420, pi. 37, fig. 7; Berry, BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 97, pi.
50, figs. 1-4; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 79, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2.
This species has been made to include so many diverse forms that there does
not seem to be any excuse or explanation necessarj'' for regarding the specimens
here figured as all belonging to it. The leaves depicted by Heer,"^ from Greenland
are smaller than the majority of those from the Amboy clays of New Jersey (loc.
cit.) and those from the Dakota group of the West, ^ with which latter our fig. 2
may be compared, while our other figures are almost exactly duplicated by certain
of the sjnaller forms from Greenland and New Jersey.
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PL XXXIX, fig. 2. Collected by
David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIX, fig. 3. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PL XXXIX, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XXXIX, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Andromeda flexuosa Newberry.
PI. XXXIX, fig. 6.
Andromeda flexuosa Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 121, pi. 34,
figs. 1-5; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 416, pi. 79, fig. 2.
The distinction between this species and certain forms of the one last described
is often rather difficult to determine, but there seems to be no doubt that the speci-
men here figured is referable to A. flexuosa as differentiated by Newberry.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
oFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.) , 1874, pi. 32, figs. 1, 2; vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1880, pi. 21, figs, lb, 11; pi. 42, flg. 4c.
6 Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 19, flg 1; pi. 52, flg. 6.
102 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Andromeda tenuinervis Lesquereux.
PI. xxxrs, fig. 7.
Andromeda tenuinervis Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 116, pi. 38, fig. 7.
Bhamnus Pfaffiana Heer, HoUick, Trans. Xew York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 2.
The original determination of this specimen by me as Bhamnus Pfaffiana Heer
was imdoubtedly erroneous, and there can be but httle doubt that its present
reference is correct, and unquestionably the leaf is more like Andromeda than
are many to which that generic name has been applied.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur HolHck. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Order PRIMULALES.
Family ilYKSINACEiE.
Mtrsine elongata Newberry.
PI. VIII, fig. lb; Pi. XXXIX, figs. 13, 14.
Myrsine elongata Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Oays), 1895 (1896), p. 122, pi. 22,
figs. 1-3; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Qub, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pi. 177, fig. 2; Annals New York Acad.
Sci., vol. 11, 189^, p. 420, pi. 38, figs. 3, 4b.
The specimen represented by our fig. 13 has a more elongated base than any
of Newberry's figures, thus giving to the leaf a spatulate shape, but a very slight
modification of the outline would be sufficient to make it conform to the general
type, and I have but little hesitation in includmg it under this species.
Locality: Arrochar, Staten Island, PI. VIII, fig. lb; PI. XXXIX, fig. 14.
Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Lloyd Neck, Long Island, PI. XXXIX, fig. 13. Collected by Arthiu- Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Myrsine borealis Heer.
PI. XXXIX, figs. 10, 11.
Myrsine borealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 113, pi. 32, fig. 23; White, Am. Jour.
Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, fig. 5; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Newberry, Mon.
U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 122, pi. 24, figs. 4-6 [?].
Diospyros rotundifolia Lesq., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 53, pi. 179, fig. 2.
I consider it very doubtful if the leaves from the Cretaceous of New Jersey,
referred by Newberry to this species (loc. cit.), should be so regarded, but there
seems to be no room for doubt in regard to our specimens.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vmeyard, PI. XXXIX, fig. 10. Collected by
David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXIX, fig. 11. Collected by Ai-thur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 103
Mtrsinites? Gaudini Lesquereux.
PI. xxxrx, fig. 12.
Myrsinites? Gaudini Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 115, pi. 52, fig. 4.
Bhamnus Rossmassleri Ung., HoUick, Trans. New York Acad Sei., vol. 12, 1892, p. 35, pi. 3, fig.5.
The original identification of this specimen as Rhamnus Rossmassleri Ung., a
Tertiary species, was undoubtedly erroneous, and it is certaui that it is identical
generically with leaves which have been referred to Myrsine or Myrsinites and
apparently to this species.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Order EBENALES.
Family EBENACE^.
DiosPYROS PRiM^VA Heer.
Pi. XL, figs. 2, 11.
Diospyros primseva Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, no. 1 (Phyl. Cr^t. Nebr.), 1867, p. 19,
pi. 1, figs. 6, 7; PoUard, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, p. 180; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol.
Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 124, pi. 30, figs. 1-5; Berry, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club,
vol. 32, 1905, p. 46, pi. 2, fig. 2.
A considerable number of diverse forms have been included by Heer under
this species, "^ in addition to which a number of others were subsequently referred
to the species by Lesquereux'' and Newberry (loc. cit.). For this reason I have
also decided to include the doubtful fragmentary specimen represented by our fig. 1 1 .
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL XL, fig. 2. Collected by David
White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XL, fig. 11. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
DiosPYEOS APicuLATA LesquBTeux?
PL XL, figs. 4-6.
Diospyros apicuUta Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 110, pi. 14, fig. 3; Hollick,
Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13.
BTiamnus pfaffiana Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, pi. 4, fig. 3.
These leaves have the nervation of Diospyros and the general form of this species,
but unfortunately, in each specimen the characteristic apex is lacking, so that posi-
tive identification is not possible.
Locality: Princess Bay, Staten Island, PI. XL, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur
Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XL, fig. 5. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XL, fig. 6. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
uFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, pi. 18, flg. 11; ibid., vol. 7, pi. 61, figs. 5a, 5b, 5o.
bMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 20, figs. 1-3.
104 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
DiosPYROs PROVECTA Velenovskj.
PI. XL, figs. 7-10.
Diospyros provecfa Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 18S4, p. 2 (49), pi. 8 (23), figs. 1-5, 10.
Bhamnus Pfaffiana Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 1.
Diospyros Steenstrupi Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 34, pi. 3, fig. 8.
Myrsine elongata Newb, Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 405, pi. 41, fig. 2.
These leaves, which all show the characteristic nervation of Diospyros, are
hardly separable from some which maybe fomid included under 2). apiculatu Lesq.
in this monograph. The latter, however, are generally broader and with the sec-
ondary nervation diverging at a somewhat more obtuse angle. The Tertiary species
D. iracJiysepala A. Br." is more nearly like our figures than is either of the others
mentioned, as may be seen by a comparison with the figures by Heer,* but it is haz-
ardous to regard this species as having such a great vertical range as identity between
them would imply.
A narrow form of D. primseva Heer "^ is almost certainly identical with D. pro-
vectaYe\.,&s here recognized, and in anj^ revision of the genus I would have no hesita-
tion in so includmg it.
Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XL, fig. 7. Collected by
Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Tottenville, Staten Island, PL XL, figs. 8, 10. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XL, fig. 9. Collected by David '\'\Tiite.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Diospyros psetjdoanceps Lesquereux.
PI. XL, fig. 3.
Diospyros pseudoanceps Lesq., Men. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. Ill, pi. 22, fig. 1.
Diospyros primseva Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 236, pi. 7, fig. 5: Fifty-fifth
Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r51.
There seems to be but little doubt that our specimen is identical with this
species, according to the single figure given by Lesquereux (loc. cit.), but it must be
admitted that some of the specific distinctions recognized in this genvis are not
altogether satisfactory.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Diospyros prodromus Hear?.
PI. XL, fig. 12.
Diospyros prodromns Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 113, pl. 28, fig. 6c; pi. 32, figs. 3-7.
Heer's figures of this species are not very satisfactory, but his fig. 3 agrees essen-
tially with ours, in which the characteristic horizontal tertiary nervation of the
genus is discernible to a limited extent.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimen in
U.S. Nat. Mus.
"Br. and Leonli., Jalirl). Mineral.. ISli), p. 170.
i>Fl. Tert. Helvot., vol. .'i. 185.1. pl. 102. fips. 1-H.
cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1SS3, pl. 01. flg. 5c.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 105
Order GENTIANALES.
Family ASCLEPIADACE^.
Periploca cretacea, n. sp.
PI. XL, fig. 16.
Leaf elliptical to slightly obovate in outline, 1 decimeter long by about 3 centimeters maximum width,
entire, tapering to an acute base and abruptly narrowed to a long acute apex ; midrib flexuous, thick at the base
and relatively thin above ; secondary nervation fine, close, leaving the midrib at acute angles of divergence and
connected by fine reticulated tertiary cross nervation.
This leaf is unique in our collection and I have been unable" to compare it with
any described species from elsewhere, although it is suggestive of several which have
been included, under other generic names, in the Asclepiadace^ and ApocjmaceBe,
from the Tertiary of Europe."
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in XJ. S. Nat. Mus.
Order RUBIALES.
Family CAPRIFOLIACE^.
Viburnum Hollickii Berry.
PI. XL, fig. 17.
Viburnum HollicMi Berry, Am. Nat., vol. 37, 1903, p. 683, figs. 5, 6, p. 678.
Gremiopsis mbumifolia Ward, HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 59, pi. 174, fig. 8.
This specimen is almost certainly a small form of this species and not a Grew-
iopsis, as originally identified by me. Its similarity to Viburnumwus noted byme (loc.
cit.); but at that time there was no described species in the genus with which it could
be satisfactorily compared, and I did not think it advisable to base the description of
a new species upon such a fragmentary specimen.
Locality: Lloyd Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specifnen
in Mus. New York Bot. Card.
' Viburnum integrifglium Newberry.
PI. XL, fig. 1.
Viburnum integrifolium Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 125, pl. 41,
fig. 1; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pl. 177, fig. 7; Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York
State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. rSl.
I am of the opinion that Newberry's reference of this species to the genus Vibur-
num weis questionable, but there is no doubt that our specimen is identical with his V.
integrifolium (loc. cit.) from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, and I have retained the
name in full in order to avoid any possible confusion which might result in placing
it under some other genus.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in
Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
o- A'pocynophyllum (sningense Heer, Pl. Tert, Helv., vol. 3, 1859, p. 21, pl. 104, fig. 4; Acerates veterana Heer, ibid., p. 20,
pl. 104, fig. 5, etc
106 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
DIGOTYLEDONOUS LEAVES OF UNCERTAIN RELATION.
Dewalquea gronlandica Heer?
PI. VIII, fig. 25.
Dewalquea gronlandica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 87, pi. 29, figs, IS, 19; pi. 42, figs. 5, 6;
pi. 44, "fig. 11 : Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 189.5 (1896), p. 129, pi. 41,
figs. 2, 3, 12; HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sei., vol. 11, 1898, p. 423, pi. 36, fig. 7; Berry, Bull. New
YOTk Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 98, pi. 57, fig. 3.
Whatever may be thought of our specimen in comparison with the type figures
of Heer (loc. cit.), it agrees quite well with his subsequent 'figures," and is undoubt-
edly identical with the specimens so referred by Newberry (loc. cit.) from the Creta-
ceous of New Jersey.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Dewalquea insignis Hosius and von der Marck?
. ■ PI. VIII, fig. 24.
Dewd^iea insignis Hos. and v. d. Marck, Paleontog., vol. 26, 1880, p. 172 (48), pi. 32, figs. 111-113; pi. 33,
fig. 109; pi. 34, fig. 110; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 36, pi. 1, fig. 9.
This specimen is too fragmentary to base on it a positive determination, but it is
sufficiently like some of the leaves of tliis species for at least a provisional reference.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Premnophtllum trigonum Velenovsky.
PI. XL, figs. 13, 14.
Premnophyllum trigonum Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 1884, p. 4 (51), pi. 3 (18), fig. 2; Hollick, Bull.
New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 416, pi. 79, fig. 1.
It is exceedingly doubtful if this species, as indicated in the generic name,
belqjigs in the Verbenacefe, and, indeed, Velenovsky subsequently renamed it Cis-
so'phyUum exulum,^ with the idea that it was more likely to be related to the Vitacese.
As long therefore as its botanical relationships are in doubt I have not thought it
advisable to disturb its original name.
Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XL, fig. 13. Collected by Arthur Hollick.
Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XL, fig. 14. Collected by David Wliite.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Phyllites PoiNSETTioiDES Hollick.
PI. XXXIII, fig. 1.
Phyllites poinsettioides Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 37, pi. 1, fig. 10.
Only the type specimen of this species is known to me, the original figure of which
is here reproduced.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected b}"- Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
an. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, pi. 62, flgs. 5, 6.
bAbh. K. Bohm. Ocsollsch. Wissonsch., vol. S (Kvot. Cost. Ccnomami), 1889, p. 24, pi. 6, flgs. -1, 5.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 107
FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND ROOTLETS OF UNCERTAIN RELATION.
WiLLiAMSONiA PEOBLEMATicA (Newberry) Ward.
PI. V, figs. 27-32.
WiUiamsonia prollemaiica (Newb.) Ward, Fifteenth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geo). Survey, 1893-94 (1895), p. 382.
Palseanthus (Willmmsonia) prohlematicus Newb. Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895
(1896), p. 125, pi. 25, figs. 1-9; HoUick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am.', vol. 7, 1895, p. 13.
This exceedingly interesting species has been so fiillj^ described and illustrated
by Newberry (Iqc. cit.) that any extended discussion here would be superfluous, and
a careful examination of our specimens has resulted in adding nothing which could
serve to throw any further light upon its probable botanical relationships, although
certain forms, such as are represented by our figs. 27-.30, seem to connect it more
closely than was at first suspected with WiUiamsonia cretacea Heer,° which he
regarded as belonging in the Balanophoracese. The genus, however, has been shifted
and referred by competent authorities to so many different orders and families that
I have thought it safer to regard its systematic position as yet unsettled.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
m.ens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
WiLLIAMSONIA RiESII Hollick.
PI. V, figs. 25, 26.
Wiaiamsonia ? Riesii Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. .37, pi. 1, figs. 2, 3.
This organism was originally referred to the genus WiUiamsonia with some hesi-
tation on account of the fragmentary character of the remains, and it may be seen
to be strikingly similar in its general adpearance to Lepacydotes circularis Em-
mons,'' which Ward placed under "Plants of doubtful affinity" (loc. cit.), and
which Fontane regarded as the cone of a Gyuinosperm.'^
Mr. W. A. Seward, in a discussion of our specimen, says " it is probably a true
WiUiamsonia," and places it under " Bennetites (WiUiamsonia) Flores;"'^ but
whether it should be regarded as generically identical with W. prohlematica is per-
haps open to question.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
mens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Strobilites perplexus n. sp.
PI. II, fig. 43.
Organism consisting of an elongated, ellipsoidal, pitted nucleus, attached to a relatively thick stem or
petiole and with a series of overlapping, strap-shaped, longitudinally striated, petaloid appendages, arranged
like a fan around the exterior.
I have been unable to find a description or figure of any fossil with which this
specimen may be satisfactorily compared, although it has some features in common
oFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 69, pi. 12, fig. 1; pi. 13, fig. 9.
ft.Fide Ward, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1898-99 (1900), p. 311, pi. 47, flg. 4.
c Araucarites caroHnensis Font., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 6 (Older Mesoz. Fl. Va.), p. 119.
d Catalogue of tbe Mesozoio Plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum, etc., pt. 2, Gymnospermae, 1895, pp.
155, 156.
108 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
yy ith Antliolifhes nymj^Jiseoides tlos.," from the Cretaceous of Westphalia, which the
author subsequent!}^ renamed Pistites loriformis.'^
Our specimen, however, was apparently a cone or strobile, similar to those of
Magnolia, with which geniis I am inclined to think it belongs. '
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected hj David- White. Speci-
men m U. S. Nat. Mus.
Tricarpellites striatus Newberry.
PL VII, fig. 1.
TricarpeUiies siriaiiis Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 132, pi. 46,
figs. 9-13.
These organisms are very abundant in certain layers of the Amboy clays, but
the specimen here figured is the only one thus far found ■\\dtliin the insular area.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Tricalycites ma-tor Hollick.
PI. y, figs. 13-22.
Tricalycites major Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 416, pi. 72, figs. 3-7.
"Pinus, sp." Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 1, fig. 19.
"Winged seed." HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 62, pi. 180, fig. 1.
Tliis species was originally described in part (loc. cit.) as consisting of "Three
entire, oblong-spatulate wings or appendages, . . . middle one usually the
largest." With the material now in our possession, however, the following amended
description seems to be advisable:
Organism consisting of two (or, possibly, three) entire, longitudinally striated, oblong-spatulate wings or
appendages, 2-4 centimeters long by 1-1.3 centimeters wide, attached to a common nucleus.
The indications of a tripartite arrangement are quite vague, even in our figs.
20, 21, while figs. 14-16, if they were the only specimens knoAvn, would undoubtedly
be described as consisting of but two appendages of equal size. Figs. 13 and 22 are
somewhat doubtfully included, but they apparently represent detached \\'irgs.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. V, fig. 13. Collected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. V, fig. 14. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PI. V, figs. 15, 17. Collected bj- David Wliite.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. V, figs. 16, 18-22. Collected by Arthur HoUick.
Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
a Palaoontogr., vol. 17, 1869, p. 102, pi. 17, figs. 3.5, 30.
I' Palaoontogr., vol. 20, 1S80, p. 1S2 (.W), pi. S.^, ligs. 1,51, 1.52.
DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 1U9
Tkicalycites papyraceus Newberry.
PI. V, figs. S-12.
Tricalycites papyraceus Newb., Mon. U. S. Geo]. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 132, pi.
46, figs. 30-38; HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 8; Annals New York
Ac'ad Sci., vol! 11, 1898, p. 61, pi. 3, fig. 6; ibid., p. 423, pi. 37, figs. 1, 2; BuU. New York Bot. Gard.,
vol. 2, 1902, p. 405, pi. 41, fig. 3; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r51; Berry,
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 81, pi. 1, fig. 4.
These organisms, as described and figured by Newberry (loc. cit.), are always
3-lobed or winged, -with the middle one larger than the other two, as is the case in
our figs. 8, 9, in regard to the identity of which there can be no question. The frag-
ment represented by our fig. 10, however, is manifestly too imperfect for positive
identification, and in figs. 11, 12 the tripartite divisions are not well defined and
the indications are that in any event these were all about equal in size. For this
reason the identity of the latter tliree figures is perhaps questionable, and it is possible
that they may represent small specimens of T. major Hollick, the species last
described.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. V, figs. 8, 9. Collected by Arthur Hol-
Uck. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Balls Point, Block Island, PI. V, fig. 10. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Speci-
men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. V, fig. 11. Collected by Arthur Hol-
lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Lloyd Neck, Long Island, PI. V, fig. 12. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.
Caltcites obovatus n. sp.
PI. V, fig. 23.
Organism consisting of a petioled nucleus, to which are attached two entire, obovate, longitudinally
striated, mng-like appendages, each about 1.5 centimeters long by 1.3 centimeters in maximum width.
This specimen is intermediate in size and shape between the species last described
and certain forms of Tricalycites major Hollick," with wMch species itmay eventually
have to be included. It is, however, unquestionably 2-winged, and the wings are
shorter and relatively broader than in any recognized specimens of the latter.
Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci-
men in U: S. Nat. Mus.
Caltcites alatus Hollick.
PI. V, fig. 24.
Calycites datus HoUick, Bull. New York Bot. .Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 417, pi. 72, fig. 8.
Tricalycites papyraceus Newb., Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1895, p. 6.
This species may perhaps be regarded as a small form of the one last described
and possibly as one extreme of a series of forms of which the other extreme is repre-
sented by Tricalycites major.
Locality: Montauk Point, Long Island. Collected by Arthur HolUck. Speci-
men in Mus. New York. Bot. Gard.
a See this monograph, PI. V, figs. 16, 17.
1 K^ FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Carpolithus euontmoides n. sp.
PI. VII, fig. 2.
Carpolithus sp. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 4.
This fruit is suggestive of Celastrus or Euonymus, although it appears to have
had more than five carpels, wliich are not unlike the detached seeds shown in figs. 9,10.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Carpolithus vaccinioedes n. sp.
PI. VII, figs. 19, 19a.
Carpolithus sp. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, figs. 16, 16
In general appearance these remains are suggestive of a raceme of some species
of Vaccinium, although the details of the inflorescence seem to be more like those of
some o-lumaceous plant. The specific name is therefore to be considered as merely
indicative of its superficial aspect.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Fig. 19 nat. size; fig. 19a enlarged.
Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Carpolithus floribundus Newberry.
PL VII, figs. 20, 21.
Carpolithus florihurul.vs Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 133, pi. 46,
figs. 17-21.
It is perhaps not certain that these specimens are identical with Newberry's
species, but their points of resemblance are certainly very similar and the slight dif-
ferences which might be noted would be difficult to define.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vinej^ard. Collected by David White. Speci-
mens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Carpolithus hirsutus Newberry.
PI. VII, figs. 3-8. ,
Carpolithus hirsutus Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 134, pi. 46,
figs. 14, 14a.
"Carpolithus spinosu^ Newb.," Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. .,
The characters of this species are so well defined that there is no difficulty in
identifying it. The remains are found in I'elative abundance in the Amboy claj's,
and a number of specimens are included m the collections from Gaj^ Head.
Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Figs. 3-5 collected by Arthur Plollick.
Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Figs. 6-8 collected by David White.
Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. Ill
Caepolithus sp.
PI. VII, figs. 9, 10.
HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 8.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. VII, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur
Holliok. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VII, fig. 10. Collected by David White.
Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.
Carpolithus sp.
PI. VII, fig. 11. ■ .
Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 6.
Locality: Green Ridge, Staten Island. Collected % Heinirich Ries. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. ,
Carpolithijs sp.
PI. VII, fig. 12.
HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 11.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Wm. T. Davis. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Caepolithus sp.
Pi. VII, fig. 13.
HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 12.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Wm. T. Davis. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Caepolithus sp.
PI. VII, fig. 14.
HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 39, pi. 1, fig. 15.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
Caepolithus sp.
PI. VII, fig. 1.5.
HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 39, pi. 1, fig. 14.
Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci-
men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
112 FLOKA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Rhizomorphs.
PI. VI, fig. 13.
Rhizomorphs, HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 423, pi. 38, fig. 1.
These peculiar fossils are especially abundant in nodules of hard clay ironstone
at Tottenville, Staten Island, and I have found traces of them elsewhere. They
usually consist of filamentous carbonaceous matter, more or less branching, encased
in limonite. When the carbonaceous matter is absent only a tube of limonite
remains, and where these appear at the surface they give rise to pit-like markings.
The term rhizomorph was adopted for the reason that it was used by Dr. J. I.
Northrop in his description of somewhat similar cylindrical structures in the coral
rocks of the island of Nassau, " which he concluded were caused by concretionary
structure around -the roots of plants. In our specimens it is difficult to determine
what was the original positi'on of the matrix, but apparently the tubes are more or
less at right angles to the original plane of deposition, in which case it is probable
that the rhizomorphs represent the remains of rootlets in place, and they therefore
may or may not be Cretaceous in age. . Post-Cretaceous vegetation, whose rootlets
extend into a bed of Cretaceous clay, might equally well produce such a result.
Whatever their true nature and origin may be, however, these remains are exceed-
ingly characteristic and are worthj^ of description.
Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen
in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci.
o Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 10, 1890, p. 16.
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION.
BOTAlSriCAIi RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FLORA.
If the entire flora is regarded from the standpoint of the subkingdoms repre-
sented, it may be seen that the Pteridophyta form a very insignificant element, and
this is true not only in the number of species but also in the actual number of speci-
mens collected. Six species, included in 5 genera, are all that we have thus far
been able to identify, and most of these are fragmentary, whereas in the Amboy
clays at least 10 species of ferns alonfe are known and several of these occur in con-
siderable abundance at certain horizons which we have reason to believe are repre-
sented in the insular formations. Recent discoveries of ferns in new exposures at
Kreischerville, Staten Island, point strongly in this direction and indicate that
additions to the pteridophytic flora may be expected from this locality when the
exposures have been more fully examined.
In the Spermatophyta, in a total of 91 genera and 216 species, the gymnosperms
and angiosperms number 14 genera and 27 species and 77 genera and 189 species,
respectively. In the former 2 species are regarded as belonging to the C3^cadales
and the remainder to the Coniferales, while the angiosperms are represented by 4
genera and 4 species of Monocotyledones, and 73 genera and 185 species of Dicotyle-
dones. The occurrence of the former class at the Long Island and Marthas Vine-
yard localities may possess some significance, inasmuch as not a single species
which could be included in it has as yet been found in the Amboj^ clays, although
some cj^uestionable remains are described from the Cliffwood clay marls.
The greatest interest naturally centers around the Dicotyledones, in which 146
species are included in the Choripetalfe, 16 in the Gamopetalse, and 2.3 are regarded
as of uncertain relation. The Ranales is the largest order, including 5 families,
16 genera, and 55 species. Of these the largest family is the Magnoliacese, with 3
genera and 22 species, and the largest genus, Magnolia, with 14 species.
The occurrence of several aquatic and semiaquatic plants, such as Nelumho,
Marsilea, Typha, and Cyperacites, is interesting for the reason that they appear to be
confined to Long Island and Marthas Vineyard, and may indicate either that pecul-
iar local conditions prevailed there or else that they are elements of a flora belonging
to a different horizon from any known on Staten Island.
It is unfortunate that the botanical relationships of some of the most abundant
and characteristic elements should be in doubt, but there is no question that the
facts are not yet at hand with which to satisfactorily determine the systematic posi-
tion of the species included under such genera as Liriodendropsis and Williamsonia.
MON L— 06 8 . 113
114 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Their external characters are well defined and for this reason they will always be of
stratigraphie value wherever found, but the problem of their exact biologic affini-
ties remains to be solved.
Finally, a word should be said in regard to the determinations of the coniferous
remains, all of which have been referred to well-known fossil or living genera and
most of them to well-known Cretaceous species, solely upon their external characters.
These remains consist of leaves, twigs, cones, and cone scales, often completely
dissociated one from the other and yet in many instances apparently belonging to
the same genus or species. The actual relationship between specimens, as implied
in the names, may therefore be not always correct, and on the other hand speci-
mens to which different generic or specific names have been applied may belong to
the same species, and in this connection a wide and interesting field for future
investigation is open, in the examination of the internal structure of the specimens,
when these are suflficiently well preserved to be sectioned and studied under the
microscope. The lignites, which occur in great abundance at many horizons, also
offer unlimited material for the future investigator, and their identification would
undoubtedly throw a flood of light upon the genera which are represented in the
flora, and in many instances would undoubtedly assist in correctly identifying and
associating dismembered parts of sjjecies.
It may also be remarked in connection with the gymnosperms that the number
of species described does not give a correct idea of the actual proportion of this class
of plants to the entire flora. It is probable that this proportion was considerably
greater than the number of species would imply, as quantities of unidentified mate-
rial are undoubtedly gymnospermous. A superficial examination of the hgnites
alone proves this to be the case, and much of the macerated material which forms
layers in the clays, especially at Kreischerville, also belongs in the same class.
In the following table is given the number of species in the insular flora opposite
each subdivision of the vegetable kingdom in which they belong :
Systematic tabulation of the insular flora, showing number of species.
Subdivisions.
Pteridophyta
Filieales
Gleicheniaceae
Gleichenia . . .
Cyatheaceae
Tliyrsopteris
Polypodiacea?
Onoclea
Salviniales
Marsiliacefe
Marsilea
Sagenopteris.
Spermatophy ta
Gymnospermse
Cycadales
Cycadaceae
Podozamitea
Number
of
species.
1
1
216
27
2
2
2
Subdivisions.
Spermatophyta— Continued.
Gymnospermse— Continued.
Coniferales
GingkoaceEB
Czelcanowskia
Baiera
Protophyllocladus
Pinaoese
Dammara
Pinus
Cunningliamites. . ,
Sequoia
Bracliyphyiluni . . .
Widdringtonites. . .
Frcnclopsis
Moriconia
Cyparissidium
Number
of
species.
25
3
1
1
1
22
3
1
1
8
1
3
1
1
1
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION.
115
Systematic tabulation oftlie insidqr flora, showing number of species — Continued.
Subdivisions.
Spermatophyta — Continued.
Gymnospermje — Continued.
Coniferales — Continued.
Pinaceae— Continued.
Juniperus
Cone scale, undeter-
mined
Angiospermae
Monocotyledonse
Pandanales
Typhaceae
Typha
Graminales
PoaceEB
Poacites
> CyperaceEe..
Cyperacites
Liliales
LiliacesD
MajanthemophyHum . .
Dicotyledons
Clioripetalae
. Salicales
Salicacese
Populus. . :
Salix
Myricales
Myricaeese
Myrica
Juglandales
Juglandacese
Juglans
Fagales
Fagaceae
Quercus
Urticales
Ulmaceae
Planera
Moraceas
Ficus
Proteales
Proteaceffi
Proteoides
Dryandroides
Baoksites
Ranales
Nymphaeace^
Nelumbo
Menispermaceae
Menisperraites
Cocculus :
Cocculites
Magnoliaceae :
Magnolia
Number
of
species.
1
1
189
4
1
1
1.
2
1
1
1
:
1
1
1
185
146
12
. 12
4
8
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
8
1
1
7
7
3
3
1
1
1
55
1
1
7
3
2
2
22
14
Subdivisions.
Spermatophyta— Continued.
AngiospermfE— Continued.
Dicotyledonae— Continued.
Choripetalae— Continued.
Ranales— Continued.
Magnoliacae — Continued.
Liriodendron
Liriodendropsis
AnonaceEe
Guatteria
Lauraceffi
Cinnamomum
Persea
Ocotea
Nectandra
Sassafras
Malapoenna
Laurus
Laurophyllum
Resales
Platanaceae
Platanus
Rosacea ■ ..
(Pomaceee)
Amelanchier
Leguminosse
(Caesalptniaceae) . -
Hymenaea
Cassia
(Papilionace£e)
Colutea
Dalbergia
Phaseolites
LeguminosEe of uncertain rela-
tion
Leguminosites
Sapindales
Anacardiace^
Rhus
Pistacia
Ilicaceae
Ilex
Celastraceae
Celastrus
Celastrophyllum ,
Gyminda
Elaeodendron
Aceraceae
Acer
Sapindaceae
Sapindus
Rhamnales
Rhamnaceae
Paliurus
Number
of
species.
3
5
1
1
24
5
2
1
1
5
1
7
2
16
3
3
1
1
1
12
3
2
1
6
1
3
2
3
3
13
2
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
10
9
116 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOKK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Systematic tabulation of the insular flora, 'TiovAng number af species — Continued.
Subdivisions.
Spermatophyta— Continued.
Angiospermae— Continued.
Dicotyledonaer-Continued.
Choripetalae — Continued.
Rhamnales— Continued.
Rliamnacese — Continued.
Zizyphus
Rliamnus
Ceanotiius
Vitacese T
Cissites
Malvales
Sterculiaceae
Sterculia
Pterospermites..
Myrtales
Myrtacese
Eucalyptus
MyrtopliyUum. . .
Umbellales
Araliaceee
Hedera
Aralia
Panax
Chondrophyllum
GamopetalcE
Ericales
Ericacese
Kalmia
Andromeda
Number
ol
species.
Subdivisions.
Spermatophyta— Continued .
Angiospermse— Continued.
Dicotyledonse— Continued.
Gamopetalae — Continued.
Primulales
Myrsinacese
Myrsine
Myrsinites
Ebenales
Ebenaceffi
' Diospyros
Gentianales
Asclepiadaceae
Periploca
Rubiales
CaprifoliaeeEe
Viburnum
Dicotyledonous leaves of uncertain relation
Dewalquea
Premnophyllum
Phyllites
Flowers, fruit, and rootlets of uncertain
relation
Williamsonia
Strobilites
■ Tricarpellites
Tricalycites
Calycites
Carpolithus
Rhizomorphs
Number
oJ
species.
2
1
5
5
5
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
2
1
1
19
2
1
1
2
2
10
1
In the total known insular flora, consisting of 222 species, 31 are described as
new in tliis monograph and 25 others have not yet been found elsewhere. Of these
apparently localized species several are deserving of special mention, such as Onoclea
inquirenda (Hollick) , which apparently represents the fertile frond of a fern ; Marsilea
Andersoni Hollick, the first satisfactory^ fossil representative of this genus found in
America, and the angiospermous leaves of uncertain sj^stematic position included
under Liriodtndropsis spectahilis n. sp., which are apparently extreme forms of the
many wliich are referred to this protean genus.
The three new species, Guatteria cretacea, Ocotea nassauensis, and Gyminda pri-
mordialis also add three genera new to the Cretaceous flora of North America.
stratigrapiiicaIj and areal distribution of the flora.
In the correlation table the stratigraphic position of the plant-bearing deposits^
as interpreted by a number of geologists, is indicated, and it now remains to discuss
the evidence in this connection afl'ordi'd by the included plant remains thus far
identified.
Of the 222 sjiecies described in this monograph, about 60 are kno\\ni to occur
in the Raritan formation at Sa3a'eville, Woodbridge, and South Amboj', N. J., and
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. 117
some 40 or more in the Cliffwood formation, at Cliffwood, in the same State.
Excluding some species of doubtful identity, there are about 20 species in the
insular flora common to both formations.
On the other hand, the insular flora contains more than 100 well-defined species
and a number of other doubtful ones which have not yet been recorded from any of
the New Jersey horizons. Some of these species are so well defined that thej^ could
hardly have escaped attention had they been present in any of the collections made
in New Jersej'', but recent discoveries by Mr. Edward W. Berry, kindly reported to
me, have demonstrated that further collecting will undoubtedly result in adding
several of the insular forms to the New Jersey list. In a recent communication
transmitted to me by Mr. Berry, relating to material collected at Morgans and
at the pits of the Clifl^wood Brick Company during the year 1905, a mimber of
additions to the Cretaceous flora of New Jersey are given, which include Magnolia
Capellinii Heer, Nelumho Kempii HoUick, Salix protesefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq.,
and Cinnamomum Heerii Lesq., which I have therefore included in the table of
distribution for those locations. The first two are of special interest, for the reason
that their comparative abundance on Long Island and Marthas Vineyard caused
them to be regarded as characteristic of the formation at these localities and it was
recognized that if the same species were found at other places they would serve as
important correlation factors. Of yet further significance in connection with this
flora, made known by Mr. Berry, may also be noted the occurrence of another
species of Nelumho {N. primaeva Berry), which, however, Mr. Berry is now inclined
to consider as a small form of N. Kempii, and a Salmnia {Salvinia sp.), both of'
which genera are represented in the insular flora on Long Island, but not in that
of the Amboy clays as described by Newberry.
The beds fi-om which Mr. Berry's collections were made are intermediatb in
their stratigrapliic position between the typical Raritan plastic clays of the Wood-
bridge and Amboy horizons and the typical Cliffwood clay marls of the Cliffwood
bluff, and may therefore be expected to yield a number of species not foimd either
below or above them, and the probabilities are that among these, when further col-
lections are made, \v'ill be included other species of the insular flora which have not
as yet been discovered on the mainland.
In this connection it may be pertinent to quote the following abstract fi-om
pages 415 and 416 of my paper on "Additions to the Palaeobotany of the Cretaceous
Formation on Staten Island, No. II,"'' written before the above mentioned dis-
coveries of Mr. Berry were reported :
It was previously taken for granted that all the Cretaceous strata on Staten Island were continuations of
those at Perth Amboy and Woodbridge, and that the fossil plants found in them or deriyed from them would
prove to be identical with those of the mainland. Such, however, has not been found to be the case, and this fact
has seemed to indicate that some of the strata from which the Staten Island plants were derived may represent
a different and presumably a higher member of the Amboy clay series than do those represented at the NeT^
Jersey localities mentioned. * * * If a geological map of New .Jersey be examined and the trend of the
clay outcrops be theoretically extended on to Staten Island, it may be readily seen that the lower beds, repre-
sented by those at Woodbridge, Sayreville, Perth Amboy, and possibly South Amboy, wculd strike the westera
shore of Staten Island in the viciiiity of Tottenville and Kreischerville, while the upper beds, represented by
oAnnals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, pp. 415^30.
118 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
those in the vicinity of Cheesequake Creek [Morgans], would strike along the southern shore of the island from
Tottenville to Arioohar.
This probability is further strengthened by the fact that marl bed fossils [invertebrates] have been found
in the moraine at the latter locality, showing that strata even higher than the upper members of the clay series
are or once were represented there.
From a consideration of these facts and other similar ones in connection with the Cretaceous clays on
Staten Island, Long Island, Block Island, and Marthas Vineyard, the name "Island series" was given by Dr.
Lester F. Ward to the strata represented on these islands.
I The "Island series" would therefore lie above the Amboy clays, as described byNewberry,o and below those
of the clay marls at Cliff wood, as described by me in a recent paper, ti
The striking manner in which the theory as above outhned has been verified by
a critical examination of all the available paleontologic evidence and by subsequent
investigations in the field is exceedingly gratifying, and we are now in a position
to state with almost absolute certainty that the Ki-eischerville beds are the equiv-
alents of those at Woodbridge and Amboy and that on Long Island and eastward the
deposits include not onl}^ these, but also the liigher strata represented on the main-
land by those at Morgans and Cliffwood ; and the fact that plants from ail these hori-
zons, as well as invertebrate remains from yet higher, are abundant in the moraine
throughout indicates that the strata from wliich they were derived formerly existed
over an area farther to the north than where they are now exposed and probably
included a large part of what is now Long Island Sound, whence they were eroded hj
glacial action during the Quaternary period.
A comparison of our flora with that of the Dakota group shows that at least
58 species, and perhaps more, are identical with species of that group, indicating a
close relationsliip, which would be rendered even more striking by including in the
comparison the Cretaceous flora of New Jersey. It is worth}'- of note, however,
that, in the West, Dakota types of plants occur in the Judith River beds, which are of
Senonian age and separated from the Dakota hj more than 1,000 feet of marine
sediments.
Comparing the flora next with those of the Kome, Atane, and Patoot beds of
Greenland, it may be seen that 54 of our species, some of them the most character-
istic, are represented in those horizons. Of these species, onlj^ 9 occur in the Kome,
and it is significant that the identity of 6 of these is questioned; 40 occur in the
Atane and 23 in the Patoot beds, including 14 common to both, and a critical
analysis seems to indicate a closer relationship with these latter, regarded as a floral
unit, than with the Dakota flora. This relationship is indicated not so much by the
actual number of species in common as it is by the relative abundance of certain
species which may be regarded as characteristic, such as Ounninghamites elegans
(Corda) Endl., Widdringtonites ReicJiii (Etts.) Heer, Moriconia cyclotoxon Deb. and
Etts., Dammara horealis Heer, Nelumho Kempii (Hollick) Hollick (probably iden-
tical with Nelumiium ardicum Heer), Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb.,
Celastrus arctica Heer, etc.; and inasmuch as none of the above is recognized as a
typical Dakota-group species, the relationsliip of our eastern Cretaceous flora -with
that of Greenland may be regarded as closer than ^\•ith that of our Western States.
Heer considered the Atane flora to be probably Cenomanian, while he recognized
oMon. U. S. Ocol. Survey, vol. 2G (Fl. Amboy Clays).
liTho Crotacoous clay marl exposure at Clillwood. N. J.; Trans. Now York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, pp. 124-136.
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. 119
that the fauna of the Patoot beds proved them to be Senonian. The observations of
White and Schuchert" have confu-med the reference of the Patoot beds to the
Senonian, and they also show such close faunal and stratigraphic relations between
the two series as to make it probable that the lower Atane beds are Senonian. We
may therefore consider our insular flora and its equivalents on the mainland as, in
part at least, Senonian in age, with possibly the oldest portion of it as old as late
Cenomanian. Whether Turonian time is represented in the sediments and floras of
the region must be left for future investigation. It is interesting to note in this con-
nection that the fauna of the Cliffwood clays as recently listed by Weller '> shows only
Senonian affinities.
No attempt has been made at an exliaustive comparison with the Cretaceous
flora of Europe, but an examination of the Senonian flora of Quedlinburg, in Saxony,
and of the Cenomanian flora of Moletein, in Saxony, described by Heer, and that of
Bohemia,. described by Velenovsky and Bayer, shows that our insular flora is closely
related to all of them, as they contain such characteristic species as Dammara
iorealis Heer, Widdringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer, CunningJiamites elegans (Corda)
EndL, Moriconia cyclotoxon Deb. and Etts., etc.
In the following table the distribution of the insular flora as above outlined is set
forth in detail. It might have been extended so as to include the lower Potomac
formation of the South and the Laramie and allied formations of the West; but inas-
much as the facts in relation to the distribution of the species wliich would be thus
included are not essential to the solution of the insular flora correlation problem,
these features are omitted.
o Cretaceous series of the west 'coast of Greenland: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 9, 1898, pp. 343-368.
6 Jour. Geol., vol. 13, 1905, pp. 324-337.
120 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Table of distribution of the
[Species marked with an asterisk (*) have been reported only from within the insular area.
Species.
Martlias
Vineyard.
Block
Island.
Long Island.
o
ft
o
i
o
1
1
o
CO
a
o
«
4J
a
o
CM
1
c
o
Z
M
G
O
li
zs
3
&
o
a
"C
a
"o
o
■a
a
o
C
V
g
o
31
+
31
+
+
+
+
31
32
+
33
34
+
35
35
+
+
!
30
1
36
+
36
Frotophj'llocladus subintegJ'iEoKus (Lesq.) Berrj'
+
37
+
+
33
*Darainara northportensis HoUiek
+
40
*Danirnara minor n. sp
40
+
41
+
41
Sequoia heterophylla Vel
41
Sequoia ambigua Heer
+
+
+
+
42
43
43
43
43
Cone of Sequoia concinna Heer. .
+
44
Cone of Sequoia sp
44
Brachyphvllura macrocarpum Newb
+
44
W ddringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer.
+
+
+
+
45
+
45
45
Frenelopsis Hoheneggeri (Etts.) Sclieiik?
46
Moriconia cyclotoxon Dell. & Etts
+
46
Cyparlssidium gracile (Heer) Heer?
46
Juniperus hypnoides Ilocr
1
47
+
+
+
47
48
Poaci tes sp
48
48
49
Populus harkeriana Lesq
49
49
Populus stygia Heer?
+
+
+
50
50
50
Saii.K ounoata Newb
51
Salix Meekii Newb
51
.Sali.x proteiefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq
+
+
52
+
+
52
Salix protoa;f olia lincarifolia Lesq ?
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION.
121
species described in this work.
In the Greenland column A indicates Atane, K indicates Kome, P indicates Patoot.]
Long Island.
Staten Island.
New Jersey.
ft
o
O
X3
g
g
o
1
«
o
o
>
8
i
3
s
U2
k
■is
r
5
a
s
a
3
03
<
1
o
B
1
1
ID
a
©
1
s
6
>
g
o
o
5:
>>
a
<
s
a
o
CO
to
O
§
>
o
a3
+ E. A.
+ K.
-|-
+
1
+
+
+
1
■ 1
+
+
+ K.
+ K.
+ A.
+ A. P.
f
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-}-
+
+
+
+
+
+ P.
+ K. A.
+ K. A.
+ A. P.
+ K.
^
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A. P.
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+ K.
+ A. P.
+ K.A.P.
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
1
+
+
1
+
+ P.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A. P.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
122 FLOE A OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AXD NEW ENGLAND.
Table of distribution of the
Species.
Marthas
Vineyard.
Block
Island.
Long Island.
o
CD
o
a
i
3
3
ft
1
'B
•6
.s
O
-1
Pi
■s
g
o
•1
s
3
.9
o
■a
3
a
o
is
o
w
a
o
5
2
g
■a
&
5
tub
a
5
■a
§
J4
o
o
53
1
53
Salix sp
53
S3
*Myrica HoUicki Ward
54
Myrica Zenkeri (Etts.) Vel.?
54
+
54
+
+
55
Juglans crassipes Heer
+
+
55
1
56
+
....1
56
66
+-
+
+
57
57
Ficus mvricoides HoUiek. .
57
+
5S
+
+
+
58
Ficus Krausiana Heer
....
+
5S
59
59
Ficus Woolsoni Newb.?
59
Proteoides daplinogenoides Heer
+
+
+
+
60
60
Banksites Saportanus Ve!
61
61
62
Menispermites acutilobus Lesq.?.
+
62
62
+
62
CocculLis cinnamomeus Vel.
+
+
+
63
63
63
+
64
+
+
64
64
65
+
+
+
6.5
Magnolia amplifolia Heer
65
66
66
Magnolia Isbergiana Heer
66
+
1
67
67
Magnolia alternans Heer.
67
67
Magnolia auriculata Newb
+
68
68
68
* Liriodcndron uttenuatuin n. sp
+■
...!
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION.
123
species
described -in <?iis
worlc — Continued.
Long Island.
Staten, Island.
New Jersey.
ft
a
s
bo
o
Q
i
1
s
o
-a
a
d
la
M
O
O
n
6
>
o
o
s
3
a
o
k
O +J
1
.as
a
H
t4
■s
o
t-l
<
i
.a
§
S
1
o
o5
>
03
,13
1
q3
tie
■a
iS
S
oj
a
g
&
'u
£^
O
o
o
B
o
o5
O
O
O
s
S
o
i,
o
+
+
+
....
+
+
+ A.
+
+
?
+
+
+
+ A.
+ P.
+
+
+
+
^
—
+
+
+
+
....
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A. P.
+
+
+
+
+
+
>
+
+
+
+
+
-t-
+
+
+
+
+
....
+
+
+
+
" +"
+
?A.
+
+
.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
?
+
+
+
+
+
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
4-
+
+
+
+
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
124 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Tabk of distrihution of the
Species.
Marthas
Vineyard.
Block
Island.
Long Island.
1
.2
o
1
a
'3
§■
S3
H
>>
c3
O
5
—
c
o
Ph
1
.5
'o
fin
+3
O
3
=3
C
O
s
B
J.
w o
•a
>>
o
5
c
'u
P,
m
■a
□
=3
m
1— (
C
s
i
z
J4
O
71
Liriodendropsis angustifolia Newb
+
+
71
Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.)
72
Liriodendropsis retusa (Heer) n. comb
72
Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb
+
73
* Liriodendropsis speetabilis n. sp
73
* Guatteria cretacea n. sp
+
74
*r'innnTnnmiiTn r>rfl<!<:ipptinlfltnni n sp
74
Cinnamomum intermedium Newb
75
Cinnamomum Heerii Lesq.?
+
75
Cinnamomum membranaoeum (T.esq,) n.comb
75
Cinnamomum sp
+
+
76
Persea Leconteana (Lesq.) Lesq.-
76
* Persea valida n. sp
76
* Oeotea nassauensis n sp
76
* Nectandra imperfecta n. sp
+
+
+
77
Sassafras acutilobum Lesq
77
* Sassafras angustilobum n. sp
77
Sassafras cretaceum Newb. ?
78
RflSSflfras haRt.<itnm NTpwh *?
+
78
Sassafras progenitor Newb
78
Malapoenna sp
+
+
79
Laurus nebrascensis (Lesq.) Lesq
+
79
* Laurus Newberryana Hollick
80
Laurus Hollae Heer?
■
SO
Laurus antecedens Lesq
80
Laurus teliformis Lesq
+
80
Laurus plutonia Heer
81
Laurus angusta Heer
+
81
* Laurophyllum elegans n. sp
82
* Laurophyllum nervillosum n. sp
82
* Platanus aquehongensis Hollick
82
Platanus? Newberryana Heer
83
Platanus sp
83
* Amelanchier Whitei n. sp
+
+
+
+
+
83
Hymeneea dakotana Lesq
+
84
Hymenfea primigenia Sap
84
Cassia sp
84
Colutea primordialis Heer
85
Dalbergia hyperborea Heer?
85
* Dalbergia minor n. sp
+
+
85
* Dalbergia irregularis n. sp
85
* Pliaseolites elegans n. sp
86
♦Phaseolites manhassettensis Hollick
86
Leguminositcs coronilloides Heer
+
86
Leguminosites constrictus Lesq.?
,
86
Leguminositcs convolutua Lesq. ?
+
87
Rhus cretacea Heer?
87
* Pistacia aquehongensis Hollick
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION.
species described in this work — Continued .
125
Long Island.
Staten Island.
New Jersey.
2
o
0
n
O
'6
a
1— I
"C
o
s
i
g
3
H
S
5
|f
a
d
s
■ «
O
u.
<
m
05
1
a
i
>
a
o
a
6
'>
d
1
t
f
5
_2
1
■g
o
o
a
1
o
03
o
O
o
ig
3
6
ft
o
3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
?
+
+
+ P.
+ A.
+
+
t
+
+
•
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
?
+
+
+
+
[
+
?
+
+
+
+
+
+ A. P.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A. P.
+ A. P.
4-
1
+
1
+
+
1
1
+
■ +
+
+ P.
+
+
+
+
+
+
?
+
+ A.
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A.
1
+
+
+
+
-V
126 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Table of dutrihution of the
Species.
Marthas
Vineyard.
Block
Island.
Long Island.
o
o
a
Ph
3
t
ft
B
■s
i
I
o
o
o
o
5
a
'o
O
o
3
44
o
3
tb
o
o
1
o
+
ss
1
+
+
88
1
+
+
+
89
89
89
89
90
1
+
1
91
91
+
+
+
1
+
92
92
1
93
93
+
+
+
+
93
94
+
94
94
95
+
+
+
95
+
95
+
+
+
96
96
97
+
+
+
+
97
97
98
98
98
99
99
99
100
100
100
+
+
+
+
7
+
+
+
101
101
102
102
102
103
+
+
+
+
Myrsinites? Qaudlni Lesq
....I
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION.
127
species described in this work — Continued.
Long Island.
Staten Island.
New Jersey.
s
tn
s.
o
o
1
5
i
l-H
6
t
O
S
02
§ .
5
.as
a
s
eg
,g
1
pq
ta
1
o
s
■s
«
a
>
1
o
1
.2
g
-a
d
1
03
to
o
o
o
a
a
o
o
o
s
o
1
+
i
+
+ p.
+
+
+
?
+
+
+
+
+
'
+
+
+
+
?
+
+ A. p.
+
+
+
1
-L
+
+ P.
+
+
+ P.
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
?
?
+
+
+
+
+
+ A.
+
S
+
+
+
•'
1
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
?
+
+
+
+ A.
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+ A.
+ A.
-i-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A.
+
+
128 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND.
Table of distribution of the
Species.
Marthas
Vineyard.
Block
Island.
Long Island.
o
m
a
o
i
B
a*
a
A
o
i
■s
0
0
i
0
0
4J
■5
1
•1
a
0
i
1
It
S p.
3
ID
3
.9
U
M
0
a
1— 1
1
0
j4
1
0
103
DinRpyrns pn'msTRvn, TTppr
+
+
+
103
104
104
Diospyros pseudoanceps Lesq
104
105
+
105
Viburnum Hollickii Berry . .
105
106
106
Dewalquea insignis Hos. and v. d. Marck?
106
+
106
* Phyllites poinsettioides Hollick . ...
107
+
107
* Williamsonia Riesii HoUick
107
* Strobilltes perplexus n. sp
+
+
+
108
108
109
Tricalycites papyraceus Newb
109
109
iin
* Carpolithus euonymoides n. sp
110
110
+
+
+
110
r,«rpnlit.hns hirsnt.ns Npwh
111
111
111
Carpolithus sp
111
111
Carpolithus sp
111
Carpolithus ap ■
112
Tntfll nnmhor nf qpppipa^ 22? .
10
13
103
3
2
11
1
1
8
7
1
2
6
BOTANICAL DISCUSSION.
described, in this work — Continued.
129
Long Island.
Staten Island.
New Jersey.
li
S
o
i
1
1
1— (
o
o
R
1
o
3
C
It
PL, O
s
3
O
s
=1
u
■A
■s
g
<
m
1
Ah
1
>
1
1
.a
_e5
a
t
1
1
o
g
1
ci
CQ
q3
be
a
o
o
o
S
<
O
o
13
O
O
3
6
£
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A. p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+-A.
+
+
1
+
+
....
+ A. P.
-
+
+ A P : -t-
+
+
+
+
+
!
+
+
+
+
1
+
+
+
+
+
1
+
!
1"""
+
j
t
+
+
+
+
1
1
1
i
i
1
1
i
L...
+
!
2
67
12
6
4
3
6
5
1
36
30
1
11
49
15
6
42
58 54 j 37
MON L — 06
PLATES.
131
P L A T E I.
Page.
Figs. 1 -7. Onocela inquirenda (Hollick) n. comb 32
S. Gleichenia protogsa Deb. and Etts. '^ 31
9. Gleichenia gracilis Heer? 31
10-13. Thyrsopteris grevillioides (Heer) n. comb . - . . . 31
14-18. Marsilea Andersoni Hollick 33
19-21. Marsilea Holtingiana Schaff. (introduced for comparison) 33
22. Sagenopteris variabilis (Vel.) Vel. ? 34
132
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. I
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE II.
Page.
Fig. 1. Podozamites lanceolatus (Lindl. and Hutt.) Schimp 35
2-1 1 in part, 12-26 in part, 27a. Dammara borealis Heer . , 37
1 1 in part. Poacites sp - - - 48
26 in part, 27b, 28. Juniperus hypnoides Heer - 46
29-.32. Dammara cliffwoodensis Hollick (introduced for comparison) 39
33, 34. Dammara northportensis Hollick - 39
35-37. Dammara minor n. sp - - - - - 40
38. Cone scale of a conifer? - - 47
39, 47, 48. Pinus sp - 40
40. Sequoia Reichenbaclii (Oein.) Heer. - - 42
41 . Cone of Sequoia concinna Heer — - - - 43
42. Cone of Sequoia sp - - 44
43. Strobilites perplexus n. sp - - 107
44-46. Baiera grandis Heer? 36
134
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. M
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE III.
Page.
Fig. 1. Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) Endl 41
2, 3. Sequoia heterophylla Yel 41
4, 5. Sequoia Reichenbachi (Gein.) Heer. . . -12
6. Sequoia sp 43
7, S. Sequoia ambigua Heer 41
9, 10. Brach^-pliyilum macrocai'pum Newb 44
11. Cypai-issidium gracile (Heer) Heer? 46
12-13a. .Juniperus hypnoides Heer 46
14. Sequoia gracUis Heer ?.. 43
15. Sequoia fastigiata (Sternb.) Heer? 43
16. 17. iloriconia cyclotoxon Deb. and Etts — 46
136
MONOGRAPH L PL. Ill
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE I^^.
Page.
Fig. 1. Widdringtonites fasciculatus n. sp 45
2-5. Widdringtonites suljtilis Ileer 45
6-8. Widdringtonites Reichii (Etts.) lieer 44
9, 10. Frenelopsis Hoheneggeri (Etts.) Schenk ? 45
138
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. IV
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE Y.
Figs. 1-6. Protophyllocladus subintegrifolius (Lesq.) Berr\' 36
7. Czekanowskia dicliotoma (Heer) Heer? 36
8-12. Tricalycites papyraceus Newb 109
13-22. Tricalycites major Hollick _ 108
23. Calyeites obovatus n. sp _ — 109
24. Calyeites alatus Hollick 109
26, 26. Williamsonia Riesii Hollick 107
27-32. Williamsonia problematica (Newb.) Ward 107
140
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. V
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
• PLATE TI.
Page.
Figs. 1-3. Podozamites sp . . . _ . - - - - 35
4-6. Typha sp - 47
7, 8. Cyperacites sp - - - 48
9-11. Poacites sp - - 48
12. Majanthemophyllum pusillum Heer - - 48
13. Rhizomorplis 112
142
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. VI
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE VII.
Page.
Fig. 1. Tricarpellites striatus Newb 108
2. Carpolithus euonymoides n. sp 110
3-S. Carpolithus hireutus Newb 110
9, 10. Carpolithus sp , HI
11. Carpolithus sp - - HI
12. Carpolithus sp - - HI
13. Carpolithus sp - - - HI
14. Carpolithus sp - HI
1.5. Carpolithus sp - — HI
16-18. Aments of Populus sp - - 50
19, 19a. Carpolithus vaccinioides n. sp I fig. 19a enlarged) HO
20, 21. Carpolithus fioribundus Xewb - - - HO
22. .\ment of Myrica sp - - - 5-i
23. Mvrica Zenkeri (Ett.s.) Vel. ? - S"!
24. Myrica HoUioki Ward - - - - - 53
25. Myrica Davi.sii HoUick - - - - - - 53
26, 27. SalLx cuneata Newb - - - - - - 50
28, 29. Populus '. apiculata Newb - - - 49
30. Populus st}-gia Heer? - ^^
31. Populus harkeriana Lesq - - - - ■*"
144
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. VII
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE YIII.
Figs, la, 2—1. Salix protefefolia lanceolata Lesq 52
lb. Jlyrsine elongata Newb 102
Ic, 8, 9. SalLx Meekii Ne\yb 51
5, 6a. Salix protejefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq 51
6b. Eucalyptus ? nervosa Newb 95
7. Salix cuneata Newb . _ 50
10, 23. Salix membranacea Newb - 50
11. SalLx purpuroides Hollick 53
12. Salix protesefolia linearifolia Lesq. ? 52
13. SalLx sp - - - 53
14. Quercus morrisoniana Lesq - - - 56
15, 16. Quercus ( ?) novfe-cfesarete Hollick 56
17. Quercus sp 56
18, 19. Dryandroides quercinea Vel — 60
20, 21. Banksites Saportanus Yel 60
22. Planera betuloides n. sp 57
24. Dewalquea insignis Hos. and v. d. Marck ? . - — 106
25. Dewalquea gronlandica Heer? - 106
146
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. VIM
CRETACEOUS FLORA,
PLATE IX.
Page.
Figs. 1, 2. Ficus Willisiana IloUick .59
3-5. Juglans crassipe.s Ilccr .55
6-8. Juglaii.s arctica Hcor - - — — 54
9. Ficus Krausiana Heer 58
148
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. IX
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
' PLATE X.
Page.
Figs. 1-3. Ficus Krau.siana Heer 58
4-6. Ficus at avina lleor 5g
150
U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Monograph l pl. X
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XI.
Page.
Figs. 1, 2. Ficus sapindifolia Hollick _ _ _ 58
3, 4. Juglans elongata n. sp 55
5, 6. Fieus Woolsoni Newb. ? . . . 59
7. Ficus fracta Vel 57
8, 9. Ficus rayricoides Hollick 57
152
U. S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XI
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XII.
Page.
Figs. 1-5. Proteoides daplinogenoidos Heer 59
6. Menispcrmitos Brvsoniiina IloUick _ . . 61
7. Menisperniites sp - - 62
8. Menispermites acutilobus Lesq. ? 62
9. Cocculus minutus Hollick - - 62
10-12. Cocculus cinnaniomeus Vel 62
13. Cocculites inquirendus n. sp 63
14. Cocculites imperfectus n. sp 63
154
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XII
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XIII
Fios. 1-4. Nelumbo Kempii (llollick) liollick
156
Page.
61
U. s. Geological survey
Monograph l pl. xiII
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XIV.
Figs. 1,2. Noliimbo Kempii (Ilollick) Hollick.
158
Page.
61
PLATE XY.
Page.
Nelumbo Kempii (Hollick) Hollick _ 61
160
U. S. GEOLOQIOAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XV
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XTI.
Page
Figs. 1-6. Nelumbo Kempii (HoUick) lloUick 61
7. Nelumbium arctioum Heer (introduced for comparison) 61
. 162
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XVI
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE X\^II.
Page.
Fig. 1. Magnolia tenuifolia Lesq _ 64
2. Magnolia Lacoeana Losq 65
3, 4. Magnolia Capellinii Heer 63
164
MONOGRAPH L PL. XVII
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XVIIT.
Page.
Fig. 1. Magnolia amplil'olia Ilccr 65
2, 3. Magnolia pseudoacuniinata Lesq 65
4, 5. Magnolia tenuifolia Lcsq 64
166
U. S. QEOLOQIOAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XVIII
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XTX.
Page.
Figs. 1-4. Magnolia speciosa Heer — 64
5. Magnolia auriculata Newb 67
6. Magnolia glaucoides Newb. ? ; "~
168
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XIX
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XX.
Page.
""iG. 1 . Magnolia Van Ingeni Hollick _ 67
2, 3. Magnolia longifolia Newb _..._._ 65
4. Magnolia Isliergiana Heer _ 66
5, 8. Magnolia auriculata Xewb 67
6. Magnolia glaucoides Newb. ? 67
7. Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick 66
170
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XX
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXI.
Page.
Figs. 1-4. Guatteria cretacea n. sp — 73
5, 6. Magnolia longipes Newb. ( 64
7. Liriodendron primievum Newb 68
8. Liriodendron oblongifoiium Newb. '. . . 68
9-11. Liriodendron attenuatum n. sp — - 68
172
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXI
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXIT.
Page.
Figs. 1-6. Liriodendropsis .spectabilis n. sp - 73
7. Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.) _ — 71
174
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXM
\
11 ^
\
li /
\
'1 /
N
W /
H /
\
w
■s
11 /
7
X il /
Ml/
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXIII.
Page.
Figs. 1-7. Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb 72
176
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXIII
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXIV.
Page.
Figs. 1-9. Liriodendropsis siiiipk'.x (Newb.) Ncwb 72
178
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXIV
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXA^.
Page.
73
Figs. 1, 4, 5, 7, 10-12. Liriodendrop.sis simplex (Newb.) Newb
2, 3. Bignonia pulcherrima Bayer (introduced for comparison) 70
6. Myrsinophyllura varians Vel. (introduced for comparison) 70
8, 9. Liriodendropsis rctusa (Heer) n. comb 72
180
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXV
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXTI.
Faee.
Figs, la, 2-5. Liriodendropsis aagustifolia Newb 71
lb, Ic, Id. Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb 72
6-1.5. Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.) _ 71
1^2
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXVI
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XX VII.
Page.
Figs. 1-5. Lauropliylluin elegans n. sp - - - 81
6, 7. Lauropliylluin nervillo.suni n. sp - - - 82
8. Ocotea nas.sauensis n. sp _ 76
9, 10. Laums plutonia Heer - 80
11, 12. Laurus angusta Iloer - - - - - - - - 81
13, 14. Nectandra imperfecta n. sp - 76
184
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXVII
CRETACEOUS FLORA,
PLATE XXTIII.
Page.
Figs. 1 , 2. Laurus plutoiiia Heer 80
3-8. Laurus nebrascensis (Le.sq.) Lesq 79
9, 10. Laurus antecedens Lesq SO
11. Laums Hollae Heer?_ _ 80
186
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXVIII
CRETACEOUS FLORA,
PLATE XXIX.
Page.
Fitis 1-3. Sassafras angustilobum n. sp _ 77
4. Sassafras hastatum Newb. ? ... 78
5,C. Cinnamomum membranaceum (Lesq.) n. c-orab 75
7 , Cinnamomum intermedium Newb 74
8, 9. Persea valida n. sp 76
188 ,
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXIX
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXX.
Page.
Figs. 1,2. C'innamoraum intermedium Newb 74
3, 4. Cimiamomum crassipetiolatum n. sp . , . _ 74
5, 6. Cinnamomum Heerii Lesq. ? . . 7-')
7. Cinnamomum sp _ 75
8, 9. Sassafras acutilobum Lesq - 77
10. Sassafras cretaceum Newb. t 77
1 1 . Sassafras progenitor Newb - 78
12. Sassafras hastatum Newb. ? — - - — 78
190
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXX
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXXI.
Page
Fig. 1 . Persea Leconteana (Lesq.) Lesq 76
2. Laurus Newbenyana Hollick 79
3. Laurus teliforniis Lesq 80
4. Malapoenna sp 78
5 Platanus sp _ 83
6. Platanus Aqiieliongensis Hollick 82
192
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXI
CRETACEOUS FLORA,
PLATE XXXII.
Page.
Fig. 1. Amelanchiei- Whitei n. sp 83
2, 3. Phaseolites rnanliassettensis Hollick 86
■i. Phaseolites elegans n. sp 85
5-7. Hymeniea dakotana Lesq 83
8, 9. Hyineiiii^a primigenia Sap 84
10. Dalbei'gia liyperboiea Heer? - 85
11. Dalbei'gia inegularis n. sp 85
12. Dalbei'gia minor n. sp - 85
13. Cassia sp 84
14, 15. Colutea priiiiordialis Hcer 84
16, 17. Leguminosites coronilloides Heer 86
15, 19. Leguminosites convolutus Lesq.? 86
20. Leguminosites constrictus Lesq. ? 86
194
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXII
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXXIII.
Page.
Fig. 1. Phvllites poinsettioides Hollick 106
2. Rims cretacea Heer? 87
3. Pistacia aquehongensis Hollick ... 87
4. Ilex papillosa Lesq 87
5. G3'minda primordialis n. sp 88
6. Elieodendron strictura n. sp 89
7. Elseodendron sp 89
S. Celastrophj'lliiiu grandifolium Newb. ? - 88
9-11. Celastrus arctica Heer 88
12, 13. Fruit of Acer sp - - 89
14. Acer minutum Hollick — 89
15. Sapindus imperfectus Hollick 90
16-20. Sapindvis monisoni Lesq - 90
21. Sapindus apiculatus Vel - 91
196
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXIII
CRETACEOUS FLORA,
PLATE XXXIT.
Page
Flo. 1 . Rhamnus ( ? ) acuta Pleer - — 93
2-5. Paliurus integrifolius Hollick 91
6.7. PaKurus affinis Heer? '. - 92
S. Zizyphus elegans Hollick 92
9, 10. Zizj'phus oblongus n. sp 92
1 1 , 12. Zizyphus gronlandicus Heer 93
13. Zizyplms I.ew-isiana Hollick 93
14. Paliurus ovalis Dawson - 91
1.5-17. Ceanothus constrictus n. sp 93
18. 19. Sterculia sp 95
20. Sterculia Snowii Lesc| . ? 94
21, 22. Sterculia pre-Iabrusca n. sp 94
198
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXIV
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXXV.
Page.
Figs. 1-8, 10-12. Eucalyptus Geinitzi (lieer) Heer 96
9, 14, 15. Eucalyptus ? angustifolia Newb 95
13. MyrtopliyUum Warderi Lesq 97
16. Eucalyptus ? nervosa Newb ... 9.5
200
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXV
CRETACEOUS FLORA,
PLATE XXX A^L.
Page.
Figs. 1-5 Eucalyptus latifolia n. sp ... 97
6. Eucalyptus Schubleri (Heer) * n. comb 9(i
202
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXVI
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXXV ri.
Page
Figs. 1, 2. ^VraKa Ravniana Heer 99
3-6. .Vralia gronlandica Heer , 98
7. Cissites formosus Heer ? 94
8a. CliondrophyUum orljiculatum Heer 100
8b. Salix proteipfolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq 51
9. Hedera simple.x n. sp 97
204
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXVII
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXXVIIl.
Page
Figs. 1 . 2. Aralia nassauensis IloUick 99
3. Aralia patens Newb. ? OS
4. Aralia palniata Newb _ 98
5, 6. Aralia coriacea Vel _ _ 99
7. Panax cretacea Hecr . .■ 100
8. Pterospermites modestus Lesq . 9.'5
206
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXVIIl
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XXXIX.
Page.
Fio. 1. ^\ndromeda latifolia Newb 100
2-5. Andromeda Parlatorii Heei- 101
6. Andromeda flexuosa Newb 101
7. Andromeda tenuinervis Lesq 102
8, 9. Kalmia Brittoniana Hollick ... 100
10, 11. Jlyrsine borealis Ileer 102
12. Myrsinites? Gaudini Lesq 103
13, 14. Myrsine elongata Newb 1 02
208
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXIX
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
PLATE XL.
Page.
Fig. 1. \'il>'.unum intogrifoliuin Ncwl) _ _ lOo
2, 1 1. DiospjTos primtvva Ileer ... 103
3. Diospyros pseudoaneeps Lesq. 104
4-6. Diospyros apiculata Lesq.? 103
7-10. Diospyros provecta Vel 104
12. Diospyros prodromus Heer? 104
13, 14. Premnopliyllum trigonum Vcl _ 10()
15. Liriodendropsis con.stricta (Ward Tar.) . 71
16. Periploca cretacoa n. sp _ 105
17. Vilmrnura Hollickii Berry 105
210
U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MONOGRAPH L PL. XL
CRETACEOUS FLORA.
OBEX
[Names in italic are synonyms: numbers in black-face type are of pages wliereon detailed descriptions are given; figures
in eto^zc denote illustrations.]
A.
Acer.
Page.
. 115
aml)oyense Newb S9
minutum HoUick 89, 126-127, I9ff
minutus HoUick : 89
sp ,. . . 89-90, 126-127, MS
Aceracete 89-91,116
Actinopteris peltata (Gopp) Sclienk 34
quadrif oliata Font ' 34
Akebia 70
jUbian rocks, correlation of 29
Albirupean, correlation of 29
Amelanctiier S3, 115
tj'pica Lesq '.. S3
Whitei n. sp 83, 124, 194
Anacardiacea3 87, 115
Andromeda 116
fle.xuosa Newb 101, 126-127,^08
latifolia Newb 100-101, 126-127,308
Parlatorii Heer 101, 126-127,208
tenuinervis Lesq 102,126-127,208
Angiospermse 47-112, 113, 115-116
Anonacese 73-74, 115
Antholithes njrmphseoides Hos lOS
, Apeibopsis thomseniana Heer 95
Apocynace^e 105
Apocynopbyllum oeningense Heer 105
Aralia.....~ '. 94,98,116
coriacea Vel 99, 126-127,, JOS
gronlandica Heer 78, 98-99, 126-127, SOi
nassauensis Hollick 99, 126-127,. ?0S
patens Newb 98, 126-127, S06
palmata Newb 98, 126-127,20S
polymorpha Newb 98
Ravniana Heer . , 99, 126-127,20^
rotundiloba Newb 9S
Snowii Lesq 99
trans-versinervia Sap. et Mar 57
WeUingtoniana Lesq 99
ap.
98
Araliaoese 97-100, 116
Araucarites carolinensis Font 107
ReichenbacM Gein 42
Arrochar, fossil flora at 14,28,121,123,125,127,129
Arun(^el formation, correlation of 29
Asclepiadiacete 105, 116
Atane beds, fossU flora of 118-119
-MON L— 06-
-14
Page.
Baiera 114
grandis Heer 36,120rl21,lS.4
Balanophoraceffi 107
Balls Point, fossil flora at 14,120,132,124,126,128
Banksites 115
Saportanus Yel 60-61, 122-123, i^S
Baylies, William, on Marthas Vineyard 14-15
Bennetites Flores 107
Berry, B. W., on paleobotany of region 60,61,117-118
Betula tremula Heer 57
Bignonia pulcherrima Bayer 70, ISO
Black Rock Point, fossil flora at 14,120,122,124,126,128
Blake, W. P., and Hitclicoek, C. II., geological map by. . 18
Block Island, fossil flora on 13, 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
fossfl localities of .' 14
geology of 27,28
Botany, discussion of 113-129
Brachj-phyllum 114
crassum Lesq 44
maerocarpum Newb 39, 44, 120-121, ISS
Britton, N. L., on geology of Richmond Co., N. Y 19
Brooklyn, fossU flora at 14,28,121,123,125,127,129
Cabot, E. C, and Desor, M. E., on Nantucket geology. 17
Cassalpiniacese 83-84, 115
Calycites 116
alatus HoUiek 109,12S,i.fO
obovatusn.sp : 109,128,J.fO
Campyloneis Grevillei regalis 23
Caprifoliaceffi 105,116
Carpolithus no
euonjTnoides n. sp 110, 128-129, J44
floribundus Newb 110, 128-129, /41
hirsutus Newb 110, 128-129, m
patootensis Heer 54
spinosiis Newb ^ no
vaccinioides n. sp 110, 128-129, m
sp 110, 111, 128-129, m
Cassia 115
angusta Heer S4
angustifolia VaU 84
sp S4,124,M4
Caulerpites fastigiatus Sternb 43
Caulinites fecundus Lesq 32
inqmrendus Hollick - 32
213
214
INDEX.
Ceanothus 116
bilinicus Hog 93
constrictus n. sp 93, 126-127, /9«
cuneatus Nutt 93
Cdastracea; 88-89,115
Celastrophylluni 115
angustif olium Newb 54
Benedeni Sap. et Mar 60,89
cretaceum Lesq 100
ensifolium Lesq 88
grandiXolium Newb.? 88, 126-127, 196
lanceolatum Etts 88
sp 23
Celastrus 110,115
arctica Heer 88, 118, 126-127, 196
Cenomanian rocks, correlation of 29
Center Island, fossil flora at 14, 122, 124, 126, 128
Chappaquiddiek, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
geology at 26,28
Ghondrophyllum 116
orbiculatiun Heer 100,126-127,204
Chondrophyton laceratum Sap 70
Choripetate 49-100,113,115-116
Cinnamomum 75, 115
crassipetiolatum n. sp 74, 124-125, 1£0
ellipsoideum Sap. et Mar 74
Heerii Lesq.? ,... 75, 117, 124-125, iSO
intermedium Newb 74, 124-123, 188, 190
membranaceum (Lesq.) n. comb 75, 124-125, ISS
Soheuohzeri Heer 74, 80
sezannense Wat 74, 75
sp 75, 124, MO
Cissites 116
formosus Heer? 94,126-127,201
Cissopbyllum exuliun 106
Clark, W. E., on geology of region 29
Cliflwood, fossil flora at 117, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Cliftwood formation, correlation of 29, 30
f ossQ flora of 13, 117
Cocconema par%-um W. Smith 23
Cocculites 115
imperfectas n. sp 63,122,154
inquirendus n. sp 63, 122, i54
Kanii (Heer) Heer 63
Cocculus 115
ciimamomeus Vel 62,122-123,154
Kanii (Heer) Sap. et Mar 63
miuutus Hollick 62,122,154
Coconeis pediculus Ehr 23
placentula Ehr 23
Cold Spring, fossil flora at 14, 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
geology at 27
Columbus formation, correlation of 29
Colutea 115
primordialis Heer. ._ 84, 124-125, 19i
Conifer, cone scale of 47, 115, 120, 134
Coniferales 36-17,113,114-115
Correlation of formations. See Formations, correla-
tion of.
CozEcns, Issachar, jr., on geology of Long Island 17
Cretaceous rocks, discovery of, history of 17-25
occurrence and description of 2.5
Cunningtiamia elegans (Corda) Endl 41,119
Cunninghamites 114
elegans (Corda) Endl 41, 118, 120-121, ISfi
Page.
Curtis, G. C, and Woodworth, J. B., on Nantucket
geology 24
Cyatheacea; 31-32,114
Cybella euspidata Kutz 23
delicatula Kutz 23
Cycadacese 35. 114
Cycadales 35,113,114
Cycadofilicales 32
Cyclopteris tenue-striata Heer 34
Cyparissidium 114
gracile (Heer) Heer? 46,J20-121.1S«
Cyperacese 48,115
Cyperacites 113, U5
arctious Heer 48
borealis Heer 48
deperditus Wat 48
Haydenii Lesq 48
hyperboreus Heer 48
Cyperacites sp 48,120-121.142
Czekanowskia 114
dichotoma (Heer) Heer? 36,120-121,140
D.
Dakota group, fossil flora of 118, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Dalbergia 85, 115
hyperborea Heer? 85,1 24-125, 19i
irregularis n. sp 85, 124.1P4
minor n. sp 85, 124. 194
RinkiaTia Heer S3, 85
Dammara 114
acicularis ICnowl 39
australis 38
borealis Heer. 37-39, 47, 118, 119,120-121, 154
cliftooodcnsis Hollick 37, 39, 154
macrosperma 37
microlepis Heer 37, 38. 40
muior n. sp 40, 120-121 , 1.%
northpor»ensis HoUick 39, 120, 134
Daphuogene Kanii 63
Barton, N. H., on geology of region 24
Descriptions, former, history of 14-^
Desmodium 70
Desor, M. E., and Cabot, E. C, on Nantucket geology. 17
Dewalquea 116
gronJandica Hoer? 106, 128-129, J4«
insignisHos. and v. d. Marck 106, 128-129, /{«
f7a/dfr77za7ia (Deb.) Sap. et Mar " 51
Diatoma hyemalo K. B 23
Dicksonia clavipes Heer 33
Dicotyledonfe 49-112, 113, 115-116
Didymosorus comptoniifolius Deb. et Etts 31
Diospyros 103,104.116
apiculata Lesq.? 103,128-129,210
brachyscpala A. Br 104
prima;va Heer 2;M03, 104, 12S-12<', SW
prodromus Heer? 104,128-129.210
provecta Vel 104, 128-129. 210
pseudoanceps Lesq 104, 12.S-129. 110
rotundifoUa IjGsq 102
SIccnstrupi Heer 104
Dodge. R. E., on geology of region 24
Dosoris Island, fossil flora on 14,121,123,125,127,129
Dryandroi<les 118
quercinea Vol 60, 122-123, 146
Zcnkcri Etts 54
Dryophyllum Uolmesii Lesq 60
INDEX.
215
E.
Page.
Batons Neck, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
EbenaeeiE 103-104, 110
Ebenales 103-104,110
Eehinostrobus squammosus Vel 44
Elseodendron 115
speciosum Lesq 89
strlctumn.sp 89,126,iSe
sp 89, 126-127, JSfi
Elizabeth Islands, fossil locality on 14
geoi )gy of 26
Elm I'omt, fossil flora at 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
geology at 14, 27-28
Encyonema ventricosum Katz 23
Epithemia turgida (Ehr.) Kutz 23
Ericacea; ; 100-102, 116
Ericales 100-102, 116
Eucalyptus 97, 116
angustifolia Newb 95-96, 126-127, WO
Geinitzi (Heer) Heer . . . 22,37,38,43,95,96,97,126-127,200
latifolian. sp 97, 126-127, S0«
nervosa Newb 95, 126-127, SOO
Schttbleri (Hecr1 ? n. comb 96-97, 126-127, «0«
Eunotia inonodon Ehr 23
Euonymus 110
Europe, fossil flora of - . - 121, 123, 12.5, 127, 129
Exogyra 17
F.
Fagacese 56, 115
Fagales 56, 115
Ficus 97,115
atavina Heer 54, 58, 97, 122-123, ISO
Beckwithii Lesq 58
fracta Vel 57, 122-123, ISg
Krausiana Heer 58, 122-123, I4S, ISO
raagnolia^folia Lesq 58
myricoides Hollick 57, 122-123, ISS
oblanceolata Lesq 87
proteoides Lesq 60
protogsea Etts 58
protogeea Heer 68, 97
reticulata (Lesq.) Knowl 97
sapindifolia Hollick 58-59, 122-123, 152
undutata Lesq 87
Willisiana Hollick 59, 122-123, I48
Woolsoni Newb. ? 59, 122-123, IS2
Filicales 31-33, 114
Finch, John, on Tertiary formations 16
Flora, distribution of 116-129
distribution of, table showing 120-129
relationships of 113-116
table showing 114-116
See also Fossils.
Formations, correlation of, discussion of 30
correlation of, table showing 29
Fossils, deposits of, characteristics of 25-28
deposits of, correlation of 30
■ localities of 14
Fragilaria construans Grun 23
Ffenelites Eeichii Etts 44
Frenelopsis 114
Hoheneggeri (Etts.) Schenk 45-46, 120-121, ;SS
Fuller, M. L. , on Fishers Island geology 24
G.
Page.
Gamopetalffi 100-105, 113, 116
Gay Head, fossils at 14, 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
geology at 25, 27
Gentianales 105, 116
Geology of region, discussion of 25-30
investigation and study of 14-25
Gingko 34
tenuestriata Heer 34
Gingkoacege 36-37, 114
Gleichenia 114
comptoniEefolia (Deb. and Etts.) Heer 31
delicatula Deb. and Etts 31
gracilis Hoor? 81, 120-121, 1S2
Nauckhofh Heer 31
protogffia Deh. and Etts.? 31, 120-121, iS2
Gleicheniacege 31, 114
Glen Cove, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
geology at 25
Gomphonema capitatum Ehr 23
Graminales 48, 115
Great Neck, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Greenland, fossil flora of 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Green Ridge, fossil flora at 14, 28, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Grevillea icnera Vel 31
Grewiopsis 82, 105
vibnrnifoUa Ward 105
Guatteria 115
cretacea n. sp 7a-J4, 116, 124-125, 172
Gyminda 89, 115
primordialis n. .sp 88-89, 116, 126, 196
Gymnospermse 35-47, 107, 113, 114-115
Hedera 62,116
helix L 97
simplex n. sp 97,126,20.{
Heer, Oswald, descriptions by 37, 45, 54, 69
on Atane flora 118-119
Hitchcock, G. H., geological map by 20
Hitchcock, C. H., and Blake, W. P., geological map by. 18
Hitchcock, Edward, on geology of region 16,17
on paleobotany of region 37-38
Holm, Theodor, on paleobotany of region 69-70
Hymeutea 115
dakotana Lesq 83, 85, 124-125, t9J,
primigenia Sap 84, 124-125, 19J,
Ilex lis
papulosa Lesq 87-88, 115, 126-127, 196
nicaceffi 87-88, 115
Indiiin HiH, fossils at 28
geology at 28
Investigations, former, history of 14-25
Island series, correlation of 13,29
Juglandaceae 64-56, 115
Juglandales 54-66, 115
Juglans 115
arotioa Heer 54-55, 66, 122-123, US
crassipes Heer 55, 122-123, /.}«
dongatan. sp 55-56, 122-123, wa
Schimperi Lesq 56
216
INDEX.
Page
Juniperus 115
h>-pnoides Heer 38,46-17, 120-121, /3^,I3S
maciUnta Heer ' 38, 45, 46, 47
K.
Kaliuia 100,116
Brittoniana HoUick 10«, 126-127, SOS
Kome beds, fossil flora of 118
KreischerviUe, fossU flora at ... 14,28, 118, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
L.
Lflurace^e 74-S2, 115
Laurophyilum 115
jingustifoliuni Newb 81
elegans n. sp 81 , 124-125, m
lanct'olatiim Newb S2
nerviiosum n. sp 8-2, 124-125, IH
Laurus 115
angusta Heer 23, 81 , 124-125, IS,}
anteeedens Lesq 80, 124-125, ISO
HoUae Heer? SO, 124-125, IS'!
Knowltoniana Lesq 79
ncbraseensis (Lcsq.) Lesq 79, 124-125, ISO
No'.vberryana llollick 79, 124-125, 1'Ji
OniaUi Sap. et Mar 55
plntonia Heer 80-81, 124-125, i«4,;S(;
prijdgcnia Ung -. 79
ttllformis Lesq 79, 80, 124-125, 192
Legii:ninos8e 70, 83-87, 115
Leguininosites ■. 115
constrictus Lesq. 7 Sfi, 124-125, 191f
convolutus Lesq,? 86-87, 124-125, I9i
coronillotdes Hccr 83-124-125,^94
dalbergioides Etts 86
frigidus Heer 80
Marcouanus Heer 69
Lepaeyclotes cireularis Emmons 107
Lesqucrou.x, Leo, on paleobotany of region... 03,65,73-74,79
Liliacea? '. 48, 115
Liliales 48,115
Liriodendron 69, 70, 115
attenuatum n. sp 68-69, 122-123, ir.'
Meekii Heer C9
oblongif Hum Newb.? 49, 6S, 122-123, ;7~'
primasvum Newb 68, 69, 122-123, / 72
simplex tie. vh 22,23,69,71,72
Liriodendropsi? 08,69-70, 84, 113, 115
0 ngusttlolia Newb .'. 71, 124-125, IX 1
constricta (Ward var.) 71, 124-125, ;74,M„',^;o
lacerata Ward 70
rotusa (Heer) n. comb 71, '2. 124-125, ISO
simplex (Newb.) Newb 09,
70,71, 7-2-7iS, 118, 124-125,/7(7,?rS,M0,;S,'
spectabilis n. sp 71 , 7S, 116, 124-125, 17/,
fonstrUta Ward 71
Liriophylhim obcordatum Lesq 84
Litse.! crctacea Lesq 78
f.-.I ;ifolia Lesq 78
liittleNeck, tossU flora at 14,27,120,122,124,120,128
geology at 27
Lloyd Neck, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
Long Branch formation, correlation of 20
Long Island, fossU flora on 13,27,120-129
fosfiil localities of 14
M. Page.
Magnolia 79,108,113,115
altemans Heer 23,05,67,79,122-123
amplifolia Heer 65, 122-123, 106
auriculata Newb 67-68, 122-123, 168, 170
Boulayana Lesq 67
CapeUinii Heer 68, 05, 117, 12^-123, 164
ensifolia Lesq 88
glaiicoides Newb.? 67, 122-123, 16S,170
Isbergiana Heer 66, 122-123, 170
Lacoeana Lesq 65, 122-123, Jtf.}
longif .-.lia Newb 66, 122-123, J 70
longipes Newb.? 64-65,122-123,;?-'
pseudoacuminata Lesq 65, 122-123, J6'6'
speeiosa Heer 64, 79, 122-123, 168
tenuitclia Lesq 64, 65, 122-123, I64, 166
Van Ingeni Ilolliek 67, 122-123, J 70
woodbridgensis Hollick 66, 122-123, 1 70
Magnoliacese 63-73, 113, 115
Magothy formation, correlation of 29
Majanthemopbyllum 115
pusiUum Heer 48, 120-121, /^i
Malapoenna 115
sp '. 78, 124, 192
Malvales 94-95,116
Manasquan formation, correlation of 29
llanbasset Neck, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Marsh, O. C, on Jurassic rocks 24
Marshalltown formation, correlation of 29
Marsilea 34, 113, 114
.\ndcraori Hollick 33-34, 116, 120-121, ISt
Hiiltingiana Schafl 33, J3X
Marsilcaccse '. 33-34, 114
Marthas Vineyard, description of 15
fossil flora of 13, 26, 28, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
fossil localities of 14
geology at 26, 28
itassacliusetts, fossil flora of 13
Matawan formation, correlation of 29
itather, W. VV., on geology of Long and Staten islands 16-17
May tonus 89
Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Kails 23
MenisperraaccEC 01-0^^, 1 15
Menispermites 115
acutflobus Lesq. ? 62, 122-123, UJ,
borealis Hccr 61
Brysoniana Hollick 61-62, 122-123, m
ovalis Lesq 63
sp 62, 122-123, ;S4
Mercbantville formation, correlation of 29
Merrill, F. J. H., on geology nt region 19-20,22,24
MitcliiU, S. L., on Long Island geology 15-16
Monocotyledonfe 47-48, 113, 115
Montauk Point, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122,124, 126, 12S
Moracere '- 57-59, 115
Moraines, occurrence of 25-26
Morgans, fossil flora at 121,123,125,127,129
Moriconia 114
cyclotoxon Deb. & Etts 46, US, 119, 120-121. 1S6
Morton. S. G., on geology of region 16
Mott Point, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 139
Mount l>aurel member, correlation of 29
.Mvrica 115
Pavi^ii nolliol> 68,122-123, fij
grandijolia Hollick 53
INDEX.
217
Myrica — Continued.
Ho;iicMWard 53,122-123, 1«
(onga Heer 50, 51, 53, 55
thulensis Heer 54
Zenkeri (Etts.) Vel? 54,122-123, W
sp 51, 122, W
Myricace^e 53-54, 115
Myricales 53-34, 115
Myricanthlum amentaceum Vel 54
Myrsinace^ 102-103, 116
Myrsine 103, 116
borealisHeer 102, 126-127, «0S
elongata Newb 51, 102, 104, 126-127, H6, 208
sp •• 23
Myrsinites. 103, US
GaudiniLesq 103,126-127,-08
Myrslnopliyllum varians Vel ■ - 70, iSO
Myrtacea; 95-97, 116
Myrtales 95-97, 116
Myrtopbyllum H*^
Oeinitzi Heer 98, 97
Schubleri Heer 96
WarderiLesq 97 , 126-127, «00
N.
Nashaquitsa, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
geology at -■- 26-27
Natural Science Association of Staten Island, proceed-
ings of 19
Nausiion, fossil flora at 14
Navesink formation, correlation of 29
Navicula cocconelformis Greg 23
. lata Breb 23
major Kutz 23
varians Greg 23
viridis Kutz 23
Neotandra 115
imperfecta n. sp 76-77,124, JS.^
Nekinibium arcticum Heer , 61,118, iS2
Nelumbo 113, 115
Kerapil (HoUick) Hollick 61,
117, 118, 122-123, 1S6, 1S8, 160, 182
primgeva Berry '. 61,117
Neocomanian rocks, correlation of 29
Newberry, J. S., on Amboy clays 20
on Long Island geology IS
on paleobotany of region 38, 40, 68, 69, 72, 74
New Jersey, fos'feil flora of 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
fossil localities of 14
New York, fossil flora of 13
New York Lyceum of Natural History, proceedings of. 17,18
Northport Harbor, f ossU flora at 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
geology at 27
Northrop, J. I., on Rhizomorphs 112
Nympbasacese - 61, 115
O.
Oak Neck, fossU flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 12S
Oeotea 115
nassauensis n. sp 76, 116, 124-125, «.{
Onoclea 32, 33, 114, 120-121
inquirenda (HoUick) n. comb 32-33, 116, 120-121, IS2
Orient Point, geology at 26
Osmunda Obergiana Heer 32
petiolata Heer 32
P. Page.
Pala30cassia angustif olia Etts 84
Paliurus 75,115
alEnis Heer 93, 126-127, 19S
cretaceus Lesq 92
integrilolius HoUick 23, 91, 126-127, 19S
membraTuiceus Lesq 75
ovaUs Dawson 91-92, 126-127, 19S
, sp 23
Panax 116
oretaoea Heer 100, 126-127, 206
Pandanales 47, 115
Papilionacese '. 84-86, 115
Passiflora 70
Patapsco formation, correlation of 29
Patuxent formation, correlation of 29
Patoot beds, fossU flora of 118-119
Periploca 116
cretacea n. sp 105, ,128, 210
Persea 76, 115
Leconteana (Lesq.) Lesq 76, 124-125, 192
nebrascensis Lesq 79
pubescens (Pursh.) Sarg 76
valida n. sp 76, 124-125, 188
Pbaseolites 115
elegans n. sp 85, 124-125, 194
f ormus Lesq , 85
manbassetterisis Hollick 86, 124-125, 194
Pbaseolus .' 70
PbyUites lib
duresoens sp. nov 74
obcordatus Herr 69
poinsettioides Hollick 106, 128-129, 196
Phyllocladus subintegrifolius Lesq 36-37
Pinaceffi 37-47, 114-115
Pinus - 114
sp ■. : 40, 108, 120-121, 134
Pistacia„ '. ' 87,115
aquebongensis HoUick 87 , 124-125, 19S
aquensis Sap 87
Pistites loriformis Hos IDS
Planera , 115
betuloides n. sp &T, 122, 14a
Knowltoniana HoUick 57
Plant-bearing deposits, characteristics of 25-28
Platanaceae 82-83, 115
Platanus 56, 82, 83, 115
aquebongensis HoUick 82, 124-125, 192
Newberryana Heer 23,82,124-125
sp 83, 124-125, 192
Poacese 48, 115
Poacites 115
aruudinarius Etts 48
borealis Heer 48
niengeanus Heer 48
sp .38, 48, 120-121, 1S4, 142
Podozamites 114
acuminatus HolUck a 35
angustifolius (Eicbw.) Schimp 35
lanceolatus (Lindl. and Hutt.) Scbunp ... 35, 120-121, IS4
marginatus Heer 35
sp ■ 35, 120-121, 142
Pollard, C. L., on Elm Point fossils 23
Polypodiacece 32-33, 114
Pomacea; 83, 115
218
INDEX.
Page.
Populus 113
apiculata Newb 49,120-121,144
harkeriana Lesq 49, 120-121, lU
stygia Heer 49, 120-121, 1^}
sp 50,120-121,1^4
Potomac formations, correlation of 29
Premnophyllmn 116
trigonum Vel 106, 12&-129, SIO
Pressey. H. A., on geology of region 24
Primulales 102-103,116
Princess Bay, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Proteaceje '. 59-61, 115
Protealcs 59-61,115
Proteoides 115
daphnogenoides Heer 23, 59-60, 81, 82, 122-123, iSi
longus Ile^r 53
Protophyllocladus 114
subintegrifolius (Lesq.) Berry 36-37,120-121,140
Pteridophyta 31-34,113.114
Pterocelastrus 89
Pterospermites 116
modestusLesq 95, 126-127, ^OC
Q-
Quereus 115
HoLmesii Lesq 60
morrisoniana Lesq 56, 122-123, 146
novae-csesareas Hollick 56, 122-123, 146
sp 56, 122, 1.46
R.
Eanales 61-82,113,115
Rancocas formation, correlation of . . .-. 29
Raritan formation, correlation of 29, 30
flora of 13, 116
Red Bank formation, correlation of 29
Redfield, W. C, on fossil discovery 17
Rhamnacese 91-93, 115-116
Rhamnales 91-94,115-116
Rhanmus 116
acuta Heer 93, 126-127, 19S
Pjafflana Heer 102, 103, 104
Ros mdssUri Ung 103
tenax Lesq 93
RhizoTiiorph 112, 116,128-129, 1^;?
Rhode Island, fossil flora of 13
Rhus 115
cretacca Heer 87, 124-125, 196
Pyrrhic Ung 87
Richmond Valley, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Ries, Heinrich, on New York clays 22-23
RosacejE 83-87, 115
Resales 82, 115
Rubiales 105, 116
S.
SagenoptPris 114
variabilis (Vel.) Vcl 34, 120-121, 13S
Salicacoa' 49-53, 115
Salicalcs 49-53,115
Salisbury, R. D., on geology of region 24
Salix 115
cimeata Newb 50-51 , 52, 120-121, tU, '40
flcxuoaa Newb 51
inxqualis Newb 52
mattewanensis Berry 50
Page.
Salix membranacea Newb 50, 120-121, 1.(6
Meekii Newb 51 , .i2. 120-121 , I46
protescfolia Lesq 52
proteaefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq 51-52,
117, 120-121, 1.JS, 304
lanceolata Lesq 52, 120-121, 14S
linearifolia Lesq.? 52,120-121,1.46
purpuroides noUick 53, 122-123, U6
sp 50,51, 53, 122-123, 14«
Salvinia sp 117
Salviniales 33-34, 114
SapLndaceac 90-91, 115
Sapindales 87-91, 115
Sapindus 22, 58, 115
apiculatus Vel 91 , 126-127, 19e
diversif olius Lesq 76, 91
im^erf ectus Hollick 90, 126-127, 106
morrisoni Lesq 90, 126-127, 196
Saporta, G. de, on paleobotany of region 84
Sapotacites retusus Heer 70
Sassafras 22, 75, 94, 115
acutilobum Lesq 77, 124-125, ICO
angustilobnm n. sp 77,124.155
cretaceum Newb 77,124-125,150
hastatum Newb 78, 124-125, ISS, 190
Lecontcanum Lesq 76
progenitor Newb 78, 124-125, 190
subintegrifolium Lesq 75
Sayreville, N. J., fossil flora at 116, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Sclerophyllina (licliotoma Heer 36
Sea Clifl, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
geology at 27-28
Sequoia 114
ambigua Heer 22, 41-42, 120-121, 136
concinna Heer ... 42,43-14, 120-121, ISi
condita Lesq 42
Coutsix Ileer 42
lastigiata (Stemb.) Heer 42,43, 120-121, ISS
gracilis Heer 43,129-121,136
heterophylla Vel 41, 120-121, 136
Reichenbachi (Gein.) Heer 42, 43, 46, 120-121, IS4, 15S
subulata Heer 42
sp 43, 120-121, 1S4, 1S6
Serenopsis 61
Kempii Hollick 61
Sewell formation, correlation of 29
Shaler, N. S., on geology of region 20
South Amboy, N. J., fossil flora at . . 116, 118, 121, 123, 125, 129
Southeast Point, fossil flora at 14, 120. 122. 124, 126, 12S
Spermatophj-ta 3.5-112,113.114-116
Sphenoglossum quadrifolium Emmons 34
Sphenopteris 32
Sphenopterfs grevilloides Heer 31
Staten Island, fossil flora of 13,2S, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
fossil locahties of 14
geology of 28
Stauroneis Phfenecenteron Ehr 23
Stephanodiscus niagarse Ehr 23
Sterculia 94. 95. 116
aperta Lesq 77. 98
Krcjcii Vcl 77,98
lubrusca Ung 94
lugubris 95
prc-labrusca n. sp 94, 126, WS
Snowii Lesq 94, 12()-127. 19S
sp 95, 1 -26- 127. 19S
Sterculiaceffi 94-95. 1 16
Stimpsoii, Williuin, investigation by 18
INDEX.
219
Page-
Su-obilites 116
perplexus n. sp 107-108, 128, iS^
Study of region, former, liistory of 14-25
T.
Thinnfeldia Lesquereuxiana Heer 36
sub'mtegrifolia (Leaq.) Knowl 36
variabilis Font 34
variabilis Vel 34
Thviles crassus Lesq 44
Hoheneggeri Etts 45
Tliyrsopteris ; 32, 114
"graeilisHeer 33,120-121
grevillioides (Heer) n. comb 31-32, 120-121, 1S2
Maaliiana Heer 33
Murrayana (Brongt. ) Heer 33
Tinton lormatioa, correlation of 29
Tottenville, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Tricalycites 116
major HoUick 108, 109,128-129,140
papyraceiis Newl) v - - - 109, 12S-129, IJ,0
Tricarpellites 116
striatusNewb 108,128-129,24^
Triceratium trifoliatum 23
Triebomanes 45
Typha 113,115
sp it, 120.//4
Typhaceao 47, 115
U.
Uhler, P . R. , on Marthas Vineyard geology 22
Ulmaceffl -' 57, 115
Umbellales- 97-100,116
Upham, Warren, on glacial geology 19
Urticales 57-59,115
V.
Vaccinium 110
Vanuxem, I^ardner, investigation by 16
Viburnum 105, 116
Hollickii Berry :.... 105, 128-129,«W
integrifolium Newb 105, 128-129,^10
Page.
Vincenttown formation, correlation of 29
Vitacea3 94,116
Vitis 82
W.
Ward, L. P., fossils collected by 21
on geology of region 29
on Island series 13
on paleobotany of region 70, 82, 87-88
Weller, Stuart, on geology of region 29
Wenonah formation, correlation of 29
West, Samuel, investigation by 14
Weyquosque series, occurrence of 27
White, C. A., on geology of region 20-21,29
White, David, fossils collected by 21
on paleobotany of region 38, 43
Widdringtonites 114
fascioulatus n. sp 45, 120, JSS
gracilis Heer 46
Reichii (Etts.) Heer 44, 45, 46, 118, 119, 120-121, iSS
subtilis Heer 45, 120-121, ISS
Williamsonia 107, 113, 116
eretacea Heer 107
Flores 107
problematica (Newb.) Ward 107, 128-129,140
Riesii Hollick 107, 128-129,140
sp 23
Willis, Bailey, on geology of region 24
Woodbridge, N. J., fossil flora at. 116, US, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129
Woodbury formation, correlation of 29
Woodworth, J. B., on geology of region 24,25
See also Curtis and Woodworth.
Zamia lanceolata Lindl. and Hutt 35
ZizyiDlaus 116
elegans Hollick 92, 126-127,195
gronliindicus Heer 93, 126-137,135
Lewisiana Hoflick 93, 126,19«
oblongus n. sp 92, 126-127, 19S
Zygophyllum 70
PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
[Monograph L.]
The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual Reports, (2)
Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral Resources, (6) Water-Supply and
Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of United States — folios and separate sheets thereof, (8)
Geologic Atlas of the United States — folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost
of publication; the others are distributed free. A list of the Monographs follows, and a circular giving
complete lists of all the publications can be had on application.
Most of the above-mentioned publications can be obtained or consulted in the following ways :
1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they can be
obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application.
2. A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress for distribution.
3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C, from
whom they can be had at practically cost.
4. Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public libraries in the
l^rge cities thruout the United States, where they can be consulted by those interested.
MONOGRAPHS.
I, Lake Bonneville, by G. K. Gilbert. 1890. 4°. xx, 438 pp., .51 pis., 1 map. Price, S1.50. (Out of stock.)
II. Tertiary history of the Grand Canyon district, with atlas, by C. E. Button, captain, U. S. Army. 18S2. 4°. xiv, 264
pp., 42 pis. and atlas of 24 sheets folio. Price, $10.
III. Geology of the Comstock lode and the Washoe district, with atlas, by G. F. Becker. 1882. 4°. xv, 422 pp., 7 pis.
and atlas of 21 sheets folio. Price, §11.
IV. Comstock mining and miners, by Eliot Lord. 1883. 4°. xiv, 461 pp., 3 pis. Price, SI. 50.
V. The copper-bearing rocks of Lake Superior, by K. D. Irving. 1SS3. 4°. xvi, 464 pp., 15 1., 29 pis. and maps. Price,
S1.85. (Out of stock.)
VI. Contributions to the knowledge of the older Mesozoic flora of Virginia, by W. il. Fontaine. 1883. 4°. xi, 144 pp.,
541., 54 pis. Price, SI. 05.
VII. Silver-lead deposits of Eureka, Nev., by J. S. Curtis. 1884. 4°. xiii, 200 pp., 16 pis. Price, $1.20. (Out of stock.)
VIII. Paleontology of the Eureka district, by C. D. Wicott. 1884. 4°. xili, 298 pp., 24 1., 24 pis. Price, 81.10.
IX. Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan clays and greensand marls of New Jersey, by R. P. Whitfield.
1885. 4°. XX, 338 pp., 35 pis., 1 map. Price, 81.15.
X. Dinocerata; a monograph of an extinct order of gigantic mammals, by O. C. Marsh. 1886. 4°. xviii, 243 pp., 56
1., 56 pis. Price, 82.70.
XI. Geological history of lake Lahontan, a Quaternary lake of northwestern Nevada, by I. C. Russell. 1885. 4°. xiv,
288 pp., 46 pis. Price, 81.75.
XII. Geology and mining industry of Leadville, Colo., with atlas, by S. F. Emmons. 1886. 4°. xxix, 770 pp., 45 pis. and
atlas of 35 sheets folio. Price, 88.40. (Out of stock.)
XIII. Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the Pacific slope, with atlas, by G. F. Becker. 1888. 4°. xix, 486 pp., 7 pis.
and atlas of 14 sheets folio. Price, 82.
XIV. Fossil fishes and fossil plants of the Triassic rocks of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley, by J. S. Newberry.
1888. 4°. xiv, 1.52 pp., 26 pis. Price, 81.
XV. The Potomac or younger Mesozoic flora, by W. M. Fontaine. 1889. 4°. xiv, 377 pp., 180 pis. Text and plates
bound separately. Price, 82.50.
XVI. The Paleozoic fishes of North America, by J. S. Newberry. 1889. 4=. 340 pp., 53 pis. Price, 81.
XVII. The fiora of the Dakota group, a posthumous work, by Leo Lesquereux, edited by F. H. Knowlton. 1891. 4°.
400 pp., 66 pis. Price, Sl.lO.
XVIII. Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan clays and greensand marls of New Jersey, by R. P. Whitfield. 1891.
4°. 402 pp., 50 pis. Price, 81.
XIX. The Penokee iron-bearing aeries of northern Wisconsin and Michigan, by R. D. Irving and C. R. Van Hise. 1892.
4°. xix, 534 pp. , 37 pis. Price, $1. 70.
XX. Geology of the Eureka district, Nevada, with an atlas, by Arnold Hague. 1892. 4°. xyii, 419 pp., 8 pis.
Price, 85.25,
I
II SERIES LIST.
XXI. The Tertiary rhynchophorous Coleoptera of the United states, by S. H. Scudder. 1893. 4°. xi, 206 pp.. 12 pis.
Price, 90 cents^
XXII. A manual of topographic methods, by Henry Gannett, chief topographer. 1893. 4°. xlv, 3U0 pp.. IS ['Is.
Price, $1. (Out of stock; revised and republished as Bulletin No. 307.)
XXIII. Geology of the Green Mountains in Massachusetts, by Raphael Pumpelly, T. N. Dale, and J. E. Wolff. 1894.
4°. xiv, 206 pp., 23 pis. Price, $1.30.
XXIV. Mollusea and Crustacea of the Miocene formations of New Jersey, by R. P. Whitfield. 1894. 4°. 193 pp., 24 pis.
Price, 90 cents.
XXV. The glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1895. 4°. xxiv, 658 pp., 38 pis. Price, S1.70.
XXVI. Floraof the Amboy clays, by J. S. Newberry; a posthumous work, edited by Arthur Holliek. 1896. 4°. 260 pp.,
58 pis. Price, $1.
XXVII. Geology of the Denver basin in Colorado, by S. F. Emmons, Whitman Cross, and G. H. Eldridge. 1-S96. 4^^.
556 pp., 31 pis. Price, S1.60.
XXVIII. The Marquette iron-bearing district of Michigan, with atlas, by C. R. Van Hise and W. S. Bayley, including a
chapter on the Republic trough, by H. L. Smyth. 1895. 4°. 608 pp., 35 pis. and atlas of 39 sheets folio.
Price, $5.75.
XXIX. Geology of old Hampshire County, Mass., comprising Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden counties, by B. K.
Emerson. 1898. 4°. xxi, 790 pp., 35 pis. Price, $1.90.
XXX. Fossil Medusas, by C. D. Wolcott. 1898. 4°. ix, 201 pp., 47 pis. Price, S1.50.
XXXI. Geology of the Aspen mining district, Colorado, with atlas, by J. E. Spurr. 1898. 4°. xxxv, 260 pp., 43 pis.
and atlas of 30 sheets folio. Price, $3.60.
XXXII. Geology of the Yellowstone National Park.
Part I, general geology (in preparation).
Part II, descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology, by Arnold Hague, J. P. Iddings, W. H. Weed,
C. D. Walcott, G. H. Girty, T. W. Stanton, and F. H. Knowlton. 1899. i". xvii, 893 pp., 121 pis. Price, $2.45,
Atlas of 27 sheets folio. Price, $3.75.
(The parts are sold separately.) ^
XXXIII. Geology of the Narragansettbasin,by N. S.Shaler,J.B. Woodworth, and A. F. Foerste. 1899. 4°. xx, 402 pp.
31 pis. Price, $1.
XXXIV. The glacial gravels of Maine and their associated deposits, by G. H. Stone. 1890. 4°. xiii, 499 pp.. 52 pis.
Price, $1.30.
XXXV. The later extinct floras of North America, by J. S. Newberry; a posthumous work, edited by Arthur Holliok.
1898. 4°. xvili, 295 pp., 68 pis. Price, $1.25.
XXXVI. The Crystal Falls iron-bearing district of Michigan, by J. M. Clements and H. L. Smyth; with a chapter on the
Sturgeon River tongue, by W. S. Bayley, and an introduction by C. R. Van Hise. 1899. 4°. xxxvi, 612 pp.,
53 pis. Price, 82.
XXXVII. Fossil floraof the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, by David White. 1899. 4°. xi, 467 pp., 73 pis. Price, $1.25.
XXXVIII. The Illinois glacial lobe, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 4°. xxi, 817 pp. 24 pis. Price, $1.60.
XXXIX. The Eocene and Lower Oligocene coral faunas of the United States, with descriptions of a few doubtfully
Cretaceous species, by T. W. Vaughan. 1900. 4°. 263 pp., 24 pis. Price, $1.10.
XL. Adephagous and clavicorn Coleoptera from the Tertiary deposits at Florissant, Colo., with descriptions of a few
other forms and a systematic list of the nonrhynchophorous Tertiary Coleoptera of North America, by S. H.
Scudder. 1900. 4°, 148 pp., 11 pis. Price, 80 cents,
XLI. Glacial formations and drainage features of the Erie and Ohio Ijasins, by Frank Leverett. 1902. 4°. 802 pp.,
26 pis. Price, $1.75.
XLII. Carboniferous ammonoids of America, by J. P. Smith. 1903. 4°. 211 pp., 29 pis. Price, 86 cents.
XLIII. The Mesabi iron-bearing district of Minnesota, by C. K. Leith. 1903. 4°. 316 pp., 33 pis. Price, $1.50.
XLIV. Pseudoceratites of the Cretaceous, by Alpheus Hyatt, edited by T. W. Stanton. 1903. 4°. 351 pp., 47 pis.
Price, $1.
XLV. The Vermilion iron-bearing district of Minnesota, with atlas, by J. M. Clements. 1903. 4°. 463 pp., 13 pis. and
atlas of 26 .sheets folio. Price, $3.50.
XLVI. The Menominee iron-bearing district of Michigan, by W. S. Bayley. 1904. 4°. 513 pp., 43 pis. Price, $1.75.
XLVII. A treatise on metamorphism, by C. R. Van Hise. 1904. 4°. 1,286 pp., 13 pis. Price, $1.60.
XLVIII. Status of the Mesozoic floras of the United States, by Lester F. Ward, with the collaboration of W. M. Fontaine,
Arthur Bibbins, and G.R. Wieland. (In two parts.) 4°. Part I, 616 pp.; Part II, 119 pis. Price, $2.26.
XLIX. The Ccratopsia, by J. B. Hatcher, based on preliminary studies by O. C. Marsh, edited and completed by R. S.
Lull. 1907. 4°. pp., 51 pis. Price, $ .
L. The Cretaceous flora of southern New York and New England, by Arthur Holliek. 1906. 4°. 219 pp., 40 pis.
Price, $ .
All remittances must be by money order, made payable to the Director of the United States
Geological vSurvey, or in currency — t]ie exact amount. Checks, drafts, and postage stamps can not
be accepted. Correspondence should be addrest to
The Director,
United States Geological Survey,
Washington, D. C.
Decembeh, IflOil.
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